scholarly journals No effect of odor-induced memory reactivation during REM sleep on declarative memory stability

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren J. Cordi ◽  
Susanne Diekelmann ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Björn Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Reactivation

Pharmacologically Increasing Sleep Spindles Enhances Recognition for Negative and High-arousal Memories

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Kaestner ◽  
John T. Wixted ◽  
Sara C. Mednick
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Valence And Arousal

Sleep affects declarative memory for emotional stimuli differently than it affects declarative memory for nonemotional stimuli. However, the interaction between specific sleep characteristics and emotional memory is not well understood. Recent studies on how sleep affects emotional memory have focused on rapid eye movement sleep (REM) but have not addressed non-REM sleep, particularly sleep spindles. This is despite the fact that sleep spindles are implicated in declarative memory as well as neural models of memory consolidation (e.g., hippocampal neural replay). Additionally, many studies examine a limited range of emotional stimuli and fail to disentangle differences in memory performance because of variance in valence and arousal. Here, we experimentally increase non-REM sleep features, sleep spindle density, and SWS, with pharmacological interventions using zolpidem (Ambien) and sodium oxybate (Xyrem) during daytime naps. We use a full spread of emotional stimuli to test all levels of valence and arousal. We find that increasing sleep spindle density increases memory discrimination (da) for highly arousing and negative stimuli without altering measures of bias (ca). These results indicate a broader role for sleep in the processing of emotional stimuli with differing effects based on arousal and valence, and they raise the possibility that sleep spindles causally facilitate emotional memory consolidation. These findings are discussed in terms of the known use of hypnotics in individuals with emotional mood disorders.

scholarly journals Emotional arousal modulates oscillatory correlates of targeted memory reactivation during NREM, but not REM sleep

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Lehmann ◽  
Thomas Schreiner ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
Björn Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Memory Reactivation

scholarly journals Sleep-Related Declarative Memory Consolidation and Verbal Replay during Sleep Talking in Patients with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e83352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Uguccioni ◽  
Olivier Pallanca ◽  
Jean-Louis Golmard ◽  
Pauline Dodet ◽  
Bastien Herlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Sleep Talking

scholarly journals Targeted memory reactivation in human REM sleep elicits recurrent, temporally compressed reactivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud E. A. Abdellahi ◽  
Anne C. M. Koopman ◽  
Matthias S. Treder ◽  
Penelope A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Machine Learning Classifiers

AbstractMemories are reactivated during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but the question of whether equivalent reactivation also occurs in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is hotly debated. To examine this, we used a technique called targeted memory reactivation (TMR) in which sounds are paired with learned material in wake, and then re-presented in subsequent sleep to trigger reactivation. We then used machine learning classifiers to identify TMR-induced reactivation in REM. The reactivation we measured was temporally compressed by approximately five times during REM compared to wakeful performance of the task, and often occurred twice after a single TMR cue. Reactivation strength positively predicted overnight performance improvement and was only apparent in trials with high theta activity. These findings provide strong evidence for memory reactivation in human REM sleep after TMR as well as an initial characterisation of this reactivation.

Effects of Early and Late Nocturnal Sleep on Declarative and Procedural Memory

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Plihal ◽  
Jan Born
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Mirror Tracing ◽  
Early Retention ◽  
Retention Intervals

Recall of paired-associate lists (declarative memory) and mirror-tracing skills (procedural memory) was assessed after retention intervals defined over early and late nocturnal sleep. In addition, effects of sleep on recall were compared with those of early and late retention intervals filled with wakefulness. Twenty healthy men served as subjects. Saliva cortisol concentrations were determined before and after the retention intervals to determine pituitary-adrenal secretory activity. Sleep was determined somnopolygraphically. Sleep generally enhanced recall when compared with the effects of corresponding retention intervals of wakefulness. The benefit from sleep on recall depended on the phase of sleep and on the type of memory: Recall of paired-associate lists improved more during early sleep, and recall of mirror-tracing skills improved more during late sleep. The effects may reflect different influences of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep since time in SWS was 5 times longer during the early than late sleep retention interval, and time in REM sleep was twice as long during late than early sleep (p < 0.005). Changes in cortisol concentrations, which independently of sleep and wakefulness were lower during early retention intervals than late ones, cannot account for the effects of sleep on memory. The experiments for the first time dissociate specific effects of early and late sleep on two principal types of memory, declarative and procedural, in humans.

scholarly journals Sleep Facilitates Problem Solving With No Additional Gain Through Targeted Memory Reactivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Beijamini ◽  
Anthony Valentin ◽  
Roland Jäger ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Susanne Diekelmann
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Systems Consolidation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Qualitative Changes

According to the active systems consolidation theory, memories undergo reactivation during sleep that can give rise to qualitative changes of the representations. These changes may generate new knowledge such as gaining insight into solutions for problem solving. targeted memory reactivation (TMR) uses learning-associated cues, such as sounds or odors, which have been shown to improve memory consolidation when re-applied during sleep. Here we tested whether TMR during slow wave sleep (SWS) and/or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increases problem solving. Young healthy volunteers participated in one of two experiments. Experiment 1 tested the effect of natural sleep on problem solving. Subjects were trained in a video game-based problem solving task until being presented with a non-solved challenge. Followed by a ~10-h incubation interval filled with nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness, subjects were tested on the problem solving challenge again. Experiment 2 tested the effect of TMR on problem solving, with subjects receiving auditory TMR either during SWS (SWSstim), REM sleep (REMstim), or wakefulness (Wakestim). In Experiment 1, sleep improved problem solving, with 62% of subjects from the Sleep group solving the problem compared to 24% of the Wake group. Subjects with higher amounts of SWS in the Sleep group had a higher chance to solve the problem. In Experiment 2, TMR did not change the sleep effect on problem solving: 56 and 58% of subjects from the SWSstim and REMstim groups solved the problem compared to 57% from the Wakestim group. These findings indicate that sleep, and particularly SWS, facilitates problem solving, whereas this effect is not further increased by TMR.

Whole-body procedural learning benefits from targeted memory reactivation in REM sleep and task-related dreaming

2021 ◽  
pp. 107460
Author(s):  
Claudia Picard-Deland ◽  
Tomy Aumont ◽  
Arnaud Samson-Richer ◽  
Tyna Paquette ◽  
Tore Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
And Task

FC07-04 - Electrophysiological neuroimaging reveals re-set, re-activation and re-processing of procedural and declarative memory traces during post-training sleep

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1849-1849
Author(s):  
P. Anderer ◽  
G. Gruber ◽  
S. Parapatics ◽  
C. Sauter ◽  
G. Kloesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Mirror Tracing

ObjectivesExperience-dependent cortical plasticity observed during post-training sleep has been hypothesized to be part of the global process of memory consolidation. Combining the temporal resolution of microstructure detectors and the spatial resolution of low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) makes it possible to investigate when and where the experience-dependent reactivation occurs under normal (undisturbed) sleeping conditions.MethodsAfter an adaptation night, in the 2nd and 3rd night 48 young healthy volunteers were randomly assigned either to a control condition or to an experimental condition (declarative memory task: paired-associate word list or procedural memory task: mirror tracing). Sleep stages and sleep microstructures (slow waves, spindles and theta bursts) were detected automatically by means of the Somnolyzer 24x7. Changes in LORETA sources (experimental minus control night) were correlated with changes in memory performance (morning minus evening recall).ResultsOvernight improvements in the mirror tracing task were correlated with increased slow-wave sources in the right posterior parietal cortex (r = .70,p < 0.01) during NREM sleep and with desynchronized (r = −.76,p < 0.01) and synchronized (r = .62,p < 0.01) rolandic mu rhythm sources during periods with theta bursts in REM sleep. Overnight improvements in the declarative memory task were significantly correlated with increased spindle sources (r = .52, p < .01) in frontal, temporal and cingulate brain regions.ConclusionsThe present study supports the hypotheses of (1) a use-dependent reset of synaptic plasticity during slow-wave sleep (restorative function), (2) an experience-dependent reactivation during spindle episodes (stabilizing function) and (3) an off-line neuronal reprocessing during REM sleep (improvement without further training for novel tasks).

scholarly journals Granule cells in the infrapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus are activated during paradoxical (REM) sleep hypersomnia but not during wakefulness: a study using TRAP mice

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Yamazaki ◽  
Dianru Wang ◽  
Anna De Laet ◽  
Renato Maciel ◽  
Claudio Agnorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Ca1 Neurons ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Supramammillary Nucleus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract Study Objectives Determine whether in the hippocampus and the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) the same neurons are reactivated when mice are exposed one week apart to two periods of wakefulness (W-W), paradoxical sleep rebound (PSR-PSR) or a period of W followed by a period of PSR (W-PSR) Methods We combined the innovative TRAP2 mice method in which neurons expressing cFos permanently express tdTomato after tamoxifen injection with cFos immunohistochemistry. Results We found out that a large number of tdTomato+ and cFos+ cells are localized in the dentate gyrus (DG) after PSR and W while CA1 and CA3 contained both types of neurons only after W. The number of cFos+ cells in the infrapyramidal but not the suprapyramidal blade of the DG was positively correlated with the amount of PS. In addition, we did not find double-labeled cells in the DG whatever the group of mice. In contrast, a high percentage of CA1 neurons were double-labeled in W-W mice. Finally, in the supramammillary nucleus, a large number of cells were double-labeled in W-W, PSR-PSR but not in W-PSR mice. Conclusions Altogether, our results are the first to show that different neurons are activated during W and PS in the supramammillary nucleus and the hippocampus. Further, we showed for the first time that granule cells of the infrapyramidal blade of the DG are activated during PS but not during W. Further experiments are now needed to determine whether these granule cells belong to memory engrams inducing memory reactivation during PS.

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