scholarly journals Emotional arousal modulates oscillatory correlates of targeted memory reactivation during NREM, but not REM sleep

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Lehmann ◽  
Thomas Schreiner ◽  
Erich Seifritz ◽  
Björn Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Memory Reactivation

scholarly journals Targeted memory reactivation in human REM sleep elicits recurrent, temporally compressed reactivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud E. A. Abdellahi ◽  
Anne C. M. Koopman ◽  
Matthias S. Treder ◽  
Penelope A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Machine Learning Classifiers

AbstractMemories are reactivated during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but the question of whether equivalent reactivation also occurs in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is hotly debated. To examine this, we used a technique called targeted memory reactivation (TMR) in which sounds are paired with learned material in wake, and then re-presented in subsequent sleep to trigger reactivation. We then used machine learning classifiers to identify TMR-induced reactivation in REM. The reactivation we measured was temporally compressed by approximately five times during REM compared to wakeful performance of the task, and often occurred twice after a single TMR cue. Reactivation strength positively predicted overnight performance improvement and was only apparent in trials with high theta activity. These findings provide strong evidence for memory reactivation in human REM sleep after TMR as well as an initial characterisation of this reactivation.

scholarly journals Positive and Neutral Updating Reconsolidate Aversive Episodic Memories via Different Routes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Boxuan Chen ◽  
Manqi Sha ◽  
Yiran Gu ◽  
Haitao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Episodic Memories

AbstractAversive memories are long-lasting and prone to have adverse effects on our emotional wellbeing and mental health. Yet, how to remedy the maladaptive effects of aversive memories remains elusive. Using memory reactivation and emotional updating manipulations, we investigated how positive and neutral emotion updates aversive memories for reconsolidation in humans. We found that positive updating after reactivation was equivalent to neutral updating in altering true memories of the aversive story, but introduced more false memory. Moreover, an additional 12 hours of sleep reconsolidation did not further enlarge true memory differences, but attenuated the effect of reactivation and updating on false memory. Interestingly, the neutral rather than the positive updating reduced the emotional arousal of the aversive memory 24 hours later. Our findings provide novel insights into real-world therapeutic applications regarding how updating with positive and neutral emotion may reshape aversive memories, especially when taking wake- and sleep-filled reconsolidation into account.

scholarly journals Sleep Facilitates Problem Solving With No Additional Gain Through Targeted Memory Reactivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Beijamini ◽  
Anthony Valentin ◽  
Roland Jäger ◽  
Jan Born ◽  
Susanne Diekelmann
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Systems Consolidation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Qualitative Changes

According to the active systems consolidation theory, memories undergo reactivation during sleep that can give rise to qualitative changes of the representations. These changes may generate new knowledge such as gaining insight into solutions for problem solving. targeted memory reactivation (TMR) uses learning-associated cues, such as sounds or odors, which have been shown to improve memory consolidation when re-applied during sleep. Here we tested whether TMR during slow wave sleep (SWS) and/or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increases problem solving. Young healthy volunteers participated in one of two experiments. Experiment 1 tested the effect of natural sleep on problem solving. Subjects were trained in a video game-based problem solving task until being presented with a non-solved challenge. Followed by a ~10-h incubation interval filled with nocturnal sleep or daytime wakefulness, subjects were tested on the problem solving challenge again. Experiment 2 tested the effect of TMR on problem solving, with subjects receiving auditory TMR either during SWS (SWSstim), REM sleep (REMstim), or wakefulness (Wakestim). In Experiment 1, sleep improved problem solving, with 62% of subjects from the Sleep group solving the problem compared to 24% of the Wake group. Subjects with higher amounts of SWS in the Sleep group had a higher chance to solve the problem. In Experiment 2, TMR did not change the sleep effect on problem solving: 56 and 58% of subjects from the SWSstim and REMstim groups solved the problem compared to 57% from the Wakestim group. These findings indicate that sleep, and particularly SWS, facilitates problem solving, whereas this effect is not further increased by TMR.

Whole-body procedural learning benefits from targeted memory reactivation in REM sleep and task-related dreaming

2021 ◽  
pp. 107460
Author(s):  
Claudia Picard-Deland ◽  
Tomy Aumont ◽  
Arnaud Samson-Richer ◽  
Tyna Paquette ◽  
Tore Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Procedural Learning ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals Granule cells in the infrapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus are activated during paradoxical (REM) sleep hypersomnia but not during wakefulness: a study using TRAP mice

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Yamazaki ◽  
Dianru Wang ◽  
Anna De Laet ◽  
Renato Maciel ◽  
Claudio Agnorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Ca1 Neurons ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Supramammillary Nucleus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract Study Objectives Determine whether in the hippocampus and the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) the same neurons are reactivated when mice are exposed one week apart to two periods of wakefulness (W-W), paradoxical sleep rebound (PSR-PSR) or a period of W followed by a period of PSR (W-PSR) Methods We combined the innovative TRAP2 mice method in which neurons expressing cFos permanently express tdTomato after tamoxifen injection with cFos immunohistochemistry. Results We found out that a large number of tdTomato+ and cFos+ cells are localized in the dentate gyrus (DG) after PSR and W while CA1 and CA3 contained both types of neurons only after W. The number of cFos+ cells in the infrapyramidal but not the suprapyramidal blade of the DG was positively correlated with the amount of PS. In addition, we did not find double-labeled cells in the DG whatever the group of mice. In contrast, a high percentage of CA1 neurons were double-labeled in W-W mice. Finally, in the supramammillary nucleus, a large number of cells were double-labeled in W-W, PSR-PSR but not in W-PSR mice. Conclusions Altogether, our results are the first to show that different neurons are activated during W and PS in the supramammillary nucleus and the hippocampus. Further, we showed for the first time that granule cells of the infrapyramidal blade of the DG are activated during PS but not during W. Further experiments are now needed to determine whether these granule cells belong to memory engrams inducing memory reactivation during PS.

Positive Arousal Enhances the Consolidation of Item Memory

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Emotional Arousal ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Immediate Memory

Emotional arousal induced after learning has been shown to modulate memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether the effect of postlearning arousal can extend to different aspects of memory. This study examined the effect of postlearning positive arousal on both item memory and source memory. Participants learned a list of neutral words and took an immediate memory test. Then they watched a positive or a neutral videoclip and took delayed memory tests after either 25 minutes or 1 week had elapsed after the learning phase. In both delay conditions, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of item memory as measured by overall recognition. Furthermore, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of familiarity but not recollection. However, positive arousal appeared to have no effect on consolidation of source memory. These findings have implications for building theoretical models of the effect of emotional arousal on consolidation of episodic memory and for applying postlearning emotional arousal as a technique of memory intervention.

Spectral and Topographic Microstructure of Brain Alpha Activity During Drowsiness at Sleep Onset and REM Sleep

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Cantero ◽  
Mercedes Atienza
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Brain States

Abstract High-resolution frequency methods were used to describe the spectral and topographic microstructure of human spontaneous alpha activity in the drowsiness (DR) period at sleep onset and during REM sleep. Electroencephalographic (EEG), electrooculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) measurements were obtained during sleep in 10 healthy volunteer subjects. Spectral microstructure of alpha activity during DR showed a significant maximum power with respect to REM-alpha bursts for the components in the 9.7-10.9 Hz range, whereas REM-alpha bursts reached their maximum statistical differentiation from the sleep onset alpha activity at the components between 7.8 and 8.6 Hz. Furthermore, the maximum energy over occipital regions appeared in a different spectral component in each brain activation state, namely, 10.1 Hz in drowsiness and 8.6 Hz in REM sleep. These results provide quantitative information for differentiating the drowsiness alpha activity and REM-alpha by studying their microstructural properties. On the other hand, these data suggest that the spectral microstructure of alpha activity during sleep onset and REM sleep could be a useful index to implement in automatic classification algorithms in order to improve the differentiation between the two brain states.

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