scholarly journals Wheelchair Control in a Virtual Environment by Healthy Participants Using a P300-BCI Based on Tactile Stimulation: Training Effects and Usability

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Eidel ◽  
Andrea Kübler
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Wheelchair Control

Visuo–tactile stimulation, but not type of movement, modulates pain during the vision of a moving virtual limb

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum Gordon ◽  
Alba Barbullushi ◽  
Stefano Tombolini ◽  
Federica Margiotta ◽  
Alessia Ciacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Heat Pain ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Heat Pain Threshold ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Healthy Participants

Aim: Evidence has revealed a relationship between pain and the observation of limb movement, but it is unknown whether different types of movements have diverse modulating effects. In this immersive virtual reality study, we explored the effect of the vision of different virtual arm movements (arm vs wrist) on heat pain threshold of healthy participants. Patients & methods: 40 healthy participants underwent four conditions in virtual reality, while heat pain thresholds were measured. Visuo–tactile stimulation was used to attempt to modulate the feeling of virtual limb ownership while the participants kept their arms still. Results: Effects on pain threshold were present for type of stimulation but not type of movement. Conclusion: The type of observed movement does not appear to influence pain modulation, at least not during acute pain states.

scholarly journals Different armpits under my new nose: olfactory sex but not gender affects implicit measures of embodiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marte Roel Lesur ◽  
Yoann Stussi ◽  
Philippe Bertrand ◽  
Sylvain Delplanque ◽  
Bigna Lenggenhager
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Experimental Assessment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Body Odors

Research has shown that conflicting multisensory signals may alter embodiment to the point of self-identifying with a foreign body, but the role of olfaction in this process has been overlooked. Here, we study in healthy participants how sex (male and female sweat odors) and gender (male and female cosmetic scents) olfactory stimuli contribute to embodiment. Participants saw from the perspective of a sex mismatching person in virtual reality and received synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation to elicit illusory embodiment of the seen body while smelling either sex- or gender- congruent stimuli. We assessed implicit (skin conductance responses to visual threats) and explicit (questionnaire) measures of embodiment. Stronger responses to threat were found when participants smelled the sex-congruent compared to the sex-incongruent odor, while no such differences were found for the cosmetic scents. According to the questionnaire, embodiment did not differ between conditions. Post-experimental assessment of the presented cues, suggest that while both sweat odors were considered generally male, cosmetic scents were not. The presented scents were generally not associated to the embodied body. Our results suggest that sex-related body odors influence implicit but not explicit aspects of embodiment and are in line with unique characteristics of olfaction in other aspects of cognition.

The time-course of alpha neurofeedback training effects in healthy participants

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 70-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian K.J. Dekker ◽  
Margriet M. Sitskoorn ◽  
Ad J.M. Denissen ◽  
Geert J.M. van Boxtel
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Healthy Participants

scholarly journals Effects of go/no-go training on food-related action tendencies, liking and choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 210666
Author(s):  
Loukia Tzavella ◽  
Natalia S. Lawrence ◽  
Katherine S. Button ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hart ◽  
Natalie M. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Inhibition Control ◽  
Automatic Action ◽  
Action Tendencies ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Complementary Mechanism

Inhibitory control training effects on behaviour (e.g. ‘healthier’ food choices) can be driven by changes in affective evaluations of trained stimuli, and theoretical models indicate that changes in action tendencies may be a complementary mechanism. In this preregistered study, we investigated the effects of food-specific go/no-go training on action tendencies, liking and impulsive choices in healthy participants. In the training task, energy-dense foods were assigned to one of three conditions: 100% inhibition (no-go), 0% inhibition (go) or 50% inhibition (control). Automatic action tendencies and liking were measured pre- and post-training for each condition. We found that training did not lead to changes in approach bias towards trained foods (go and no-go relative to control), but we warrant caution in interpreting this finding as there are important limitations to consider for the employed approach–avoidance task. There was only anecdotal evidence for an effect on food liking, but there was evidence for contingency learning during training, and participants were on average less likely to choose a no-go food compared to a control food after training. We discuss these findings from both a methodological and theoretical standpoint and propose that the mechanisms of action behind training effects be investigated further.

scholarly journals Continuity in intuition and insight: from real to naturalistic virtual environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eskinazi ◽  
I. Giannopulu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Phenomenological Interview ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractIntuition and insight can be deployed on the same continuum. Intuition is the unconscious ability to create links between information; insight is a process by which a sudden comprehension and resolution of a situation arises (i.e. euréka). In the present study, real and virtual environments were used to trigger intuition and insight. The study hypothesised that immersion in real primed environments would facilitate the emergence of intuition and insight in a virtual environment. Forty nine healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups: “primed” and “non primed.” “Primed” participants were immersed in a real environment with olfactory and visual cues; “non primed” participants did not receive any cues. All participants were exposed to a 3D naturalistic virtual environment which represented a district in Paris via a Head Mounted Display (HMD). Locations presented in the virtual scene (i.e. café places) were related to both olfactory and visual primes (i.e. café) and were based on the continuity between real and virtual environments. Once immersed in the virtual environment, all participants were instructed to use their intuition to envision the selected locations during which Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs) and verbal declarations were recorded. When initiation (a) and immersion (b) phases in the virtual environment were considered, “primed” participants had higher SCRs during the immersion phase than the initiation phase in the virtual environment. They showed higher SRCs during the first part of the virtual immersion than “non primed” participants. During the phenomenological interview, “primed” participants reported a higher number of correct intuitive answers than “non primed” participants. Moreover, “primed” participants “with” insight had higher SCRs during real environment immersion than “primed” participants “without” insight. The findings are consistent with the idea that intuitive decisions in various tasks are based on the activation of pre-existing knowledge, which is unconsciously retrieved, but nevertheless can elicit an intuitive impression of coherence and can generate insight.

scholarly journals Smells Influence Perceived Pleasantness but Not Memorization of a Visual Virtual Environment

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204166952198973
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sabiniewicz ◽  
Elena Schaefer ◽  
Guducu Cagdas ◽  
Cedric Manesse ◽  
Moustafa Bensafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Visual Scenes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Healthy Participants

The present study aimed to investigate whether the perception of still scenes in a virtual environment in congruent versus incongruent condition can be influenced by odors. Ninety healthy participants were divided into three groups, including two experimental virtual reality (VR) environments: a rose garden, an orange basket, and a control condition. In each VR condition, participants were exposed to a rose odor, an orange odor, or no odor, resulting in congruent, incongruent, and control conditions. Participants were asked to describe (a) the content of the VR scene and rate its overall pleasantness and (b) the smell and to rate its intensity and pleasantness. For each condition, participants were tested twice. During the second test, participants provided ratings and descriptions of the content of the VR scenes without being exposed to odors or VR environments. Virtual scenarios tended to be remembered as more pleasant when presented with congruent odors. Furthermore, participants used more descriptors in congruent scenarios than in incongruent scenarios. Eventually, rose odor appeared to be remembered as more pleasant when presented within congruent scenarios. These findings show that olfactory stimuli in congruent versus incongruent conditions can possibly modulate the perception of the pleasantness of visual scenes but not the memorization.

Interval training effects on oxygen kinetics in heart failure patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
P RODITIS ◽  
S DIMOPOULOS ◽  
A TASOULIS ◽  
A MPOUCHLA ◽  
J VENETSANAKOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Heart Failure Patients ◽  
Oxygen Kinetics
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