scholarly journals Effects of go/no-go training on food-related action tendencies, liking and choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 210666
Author(s):  
Loukia Tzavella ◽  
Natalia S. Lawrence ◽  
Katherine S. Button ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hart ◽  
Natalie M. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Inhibition Control ◽  
Automatic Action ◽  
Action Tendencies ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Complementary Mechanism

Inhibitory control training effects on behaviour (e.g. ‘healthier’ food choices) can be driven by changes in affective evaluations of trained stimuli, and theoretical models indicate that changes in action tendencies may be a complementary mechanism. In this preregistered study, we investigated the effects of food-specific go/no-go training on action tendencies, liking and impulsive choices in healthy participants. In the training task, energy-dense foods were assigned to one of three conditions: 100% inhibition (no-go), 0% inhibition (go) or 50% inhibition (control). Automatic action tendencies and liking were measured pre- and post-training for each condition. We found that training did not lead to changes in approach bias towards trained foods (go and no-go relative to control), but we warrant caution in interpreting this finding as there are important limitations to consider for the employed approach–avoidance task. There was only anecdotal evidence for an effect on food liking, but there was evidence for contingency learning during training, and participants were on average less likely to choose a no-go food compared to a control food after training. We discuss these findings from both a methodological and theoretical standpoint and propose that the mechanisms of action behind training effects be investigated further.

scholarly journals Improving emotional-action control by targeting long-range phase-amplitude neuronal coupling

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Bramson ◽  
Hanneke EM den Ouden ◽  
Ivan Toni ◽  
Karin Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Action Control ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Neural Noise ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Emotional Approach ◽  
Coupling Mechanisms ◽  
Automatic Action ◽  
Action Tendencies

Control over emotional action tendencies is essential for everyday interactions. This cognitive function fails occasionally during socially challenging situations, and systematically in social psychopathologies. We delivered dual-site phase-coupled brain stimulation to facilitate theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling between frontal regions known to implement that form of control, while neuropsychologically healthy human male participants were challenged to control their automatic action tendencies in a social–emotional approach/avoidance-task. Participants had increased control over their emotional action tendencies, depending on the relative phase and dose of the intervention. Concurrently measured fMRI effects of task and stimulation indicated that the intervention improved control by increasing the efficacy of anterior prefrontal inhibition over the sensorimotor cortex. This enhancement of emotional action control provides causal evidence for phase-amplitude coupling mechanisms guiding action selection during emotional-action control. Generally, the finding illustrates the potential of physiologically-grounded interventions aimed at reducing neural noise in cerebral circuits where communication relies on phase-amplitude coupling.

scholarly journals Retraining Automatic Action Tendencies Changes Alcoholic Patients’ Approach Bias for Alcohol and Improves Treatment Outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Carolin Eberl ◽  
Mike Rinck ◽  
Eni S. Becker ◽  
Johannes Lindenmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Approach Bias ◽  
Automatic Action ◽  
Action Tendencies

Retraining automatic action-tendencies to approach alcohol in hazardous drinkers

Addiction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Mike Rinck ◽  
Robert Kordts ◽  
Katrijn Houben ◽  
Fritz Strack
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Action ◽  
Action Tendencies

scholarly journals The effect of modifying automatic action tendencies on overt avoidance behaviors.

Emotion ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Amir ◽  
Jennie M. Kuckertz ◽  
Sadia Najmi
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Automatic Action ◽  
Action Tendencies

The Role of Disgust and Threat in Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Leanne Mulheron ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
High Threat

Abstract Theoretical models suggest that the emotion disgust or threat overestimates are important in the aetiology and maintenance of contamination-based obsessive–compulsive disorder. In the current study, both threat and disgust were manipulated and 115 non-clinical participants (mean age 20.46 years, 94 females) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: high-disgust/low-threat (n = 29), high-disgust/high-threat (n = 29), low-disgust/low-threat (n = 27), and low-disgust/high-threat (n = 30). Participants completed a hierarchical Behavioural Avoidance Task (BAT). Those in the high-threat and high-disgust conditions completed less BAT steps and showed more latency to begin each step than those in the low-threat and low-disgust conditions. A significant interaction effect was observed for the high-disgust/high-threat condition as significantly more task avoidance was found. However, handwashing duration was not significantly different between the high and low-disgust conditions or the high and low-threat conditions. The overall low mean washing duration of 30 s possibly due to the testing conditions and/or the ethnic heterogeneity of the sample may account for these results. There were also no significant differences in the level of anxiety for participants in the high-threat compared with the low-threat conditions. It is possible that anxiety remained relatively low across conditions as a result of the graduated BAT. Future research and theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Internal consistency and validity of measures of automatic exercise associations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Zenko ◽  
Panteleimon Ekkekakis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Implicit Processes ◽  
Validation Criteria ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Researchers increasingly recognize that exercise and physical activity may be determined by interacting explicit and implicit processes. While this trend has led to a substantial increase in the use of measures of implicit processes within exercise psychology, such measures are typically selected without a supporting rationale. To facilitate the refinement of theoretical models and the testing of interventions, investigating the internal consistency and validity of measures of implicit processes, such as automatic exercise associations, is crucial. Objectives: To assess the internal consistency and validity of nine measures of automatic exercise associations. Method: Participants (N = 95) completed an exercise session at the intensity of the ventilatory threshold, intended to generate heterogeneous affective responses. One week later, they also completed nine randomly ordered measures of automatic exercise associations. The slope of affect ratings during exercise, affect ratings at the end of exercise, recalled affect, explicit affective attitude, self-reported exercise, and situated decisions to exercise served as validation criteria. Results: Three of the nine measures exhibited acceptable to good internal consistency. Only the Approach-Avoidance Task was significantly and meaningfully related to any of the validation criteria (i.e., self-reported exercise and situated decisions to exercise). Conclusions: Most measures of automatic exercise associations exhibited unsatisfactory internal consistency and were unrelated to the validity criteria. For research on the role of implicit processes in exercise and physical activity to advance, further psychometric evaluation and refinement of measures is needed.

scholarly journals Improving emotional-action control by targeting long-range phase-amplitude neuronal coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Bramson ◽  
Hanneke den Ouden ◽  
Ivan Toni ◽  
Karin Roelofs
Keyword(s):  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Neural Noise ◽  
Phase Amplitude ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Action Tendencies

AbstractControl over emotional action tendencies is essential for every-day interactions. This cognitive function can fail during socially challenging situations, and is chronically attenuated in social psychopathologies such as social anxiety and aggression. Previous studies have shown that control over social-emotional action tendencies depends on phase-amplitude coupling between prefrontal theta-band (6 Hz) rhythmic activity and broadband gamma-band activity in sensorimotor areas. Here, we delivered dual-site phase-coupled brain stimulation to facilitate theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling between frontal regions known to implement that form of control, while participants were challenged to control their automatic action tendencies in a social-emotional approach/avoidance-task. Participants had increased control over their emotional action tendencies, depending on the relative phase and dose of the intervention. Concurrently measured fMRI effects of task and stimulation, and estimated changes in effective connectivity, indicated that the intervention improved control by increasing the efficacy of anterior prefrontal inhibition over sensorimotor cortex. This enhancement of emotional action control provides causal evidence for a phase-amplitude coupling mechanism guiding action selection during emotional-action control. More generally, the finding illustrates the potential of physiologically-grounded interventions aimed at reducing neural noise in cerebral circuits where communication relies on phase-amplitude coupling.

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