scholarly journals Differential Visual Processing of Animal Images, with and without Conscious Awareness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weina Zhu ◽  
Jan Drewes ◽  
Nicholas A. Peatfield ◽  
David Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Animal Images

scholarly journals K2: Probing Visual Processing outside of Conscious Awareness

i-Perception ◽  
10.1068/if565 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-565
Author(s):  
Randolph Blake
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Conscious Awareness

scholarly journals Act Quickly, Decide Later: Long-latency Visual Processing Underlies Perceptual Decisions but Not Reflexive Behavior

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3734-3745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Jolij ◽  
H. Steven Scholte ◽  
Simon van Gaal ◽  
Timothy L. Hodgson ◽  
Victor A. F. Lamme
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Scene Segmentation ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Reflexive Behavior ◽  
Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
The Brain

Humans largely guide their behavior by their visual representation of the world. Recent studies have shown that visual information can trigger behavior within 150 msec, suggesting that visually guided responses to external events, in fact, precede conscious awareness of those events. However, is such a view correct? By using a texture discrimination task, we show that the brain relies on long-latency visual processing in order to guide perceptual decisions. Decreasing stimulus saliency leads to selective changes in long-latency visually evoked potential components reflecting scene segmentation. These latency changes are accompanied by almost equal changes in simple RTs and points of subjective simultaneity. Furthermore, we find a strong correlation between individual RTs and the latencies of scene segmentation related components in the visually evoked potentials, showing that the processes underlying these late brain potentials are critical in triggering a response. However, using the same texture stimuli in an antisaccade task, we found that reflexive, but erroneous, prosaccades, but not antisaccades, can be triggered by earlier visual processes. In other words: The brain can act quickly, but decides late. Differences between our study and earlier findings suggesting that action precedes conscious awareness can be explained by assuming that task demands determine whether a fast and unconscious, or a slower and conscious, representation is used to initiate a visually guided response.

scholarly journals Binocular integration of perceptually suppressed visual information in amblyopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Chow ◽  
Andrew E. Silva ◽  
Katelyn Tsang ◽  
Gabriel Ng ◽  
Cindy Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Visual Experience ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Interocular Suppression ◽  
Abnormal Visual ◽  
The Brain

Abnormal visual experience during an early critical period of visual cortex development can lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder of vision called amblyopia. A key feature of amblyopia is interocular suppression, whereby information from the amblyopic eye is blocked from conscious awareness when both eyes are open. Suppression of the amblyopic eye is thought to occur at an early stage of visual processing and to be absolute. Using a binocular rivalry paradigm, we demonstrate that suppressed visual information from the amblyopic eye remains available for binocular integration and can influence overall perception of stimuli. This finding reveals that suppressed visual information continues to be represented within the brain even when it is blocked from conscious awareness by chronic pathological suppression. These results have direct implications for the clinical management of amblyopia.

scholarly journals Minimal required exposures reveal the primacy of awareness in human face perception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo C Lanfranco ◽  
Andres Canales-Johnson ◽  
Axel Cleeremans ◽  
Hugh Rabagliati ◽  
David Carmel
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Light Signals ◽  
Meaningful Stimuli

The human visual system is capable of detecting extremely small light signals, as little as one single photon. But what is the visual system's minimal exposure threshold to detect meaningful stimuli? Due to hardware limitations, studies examining fast visual processing typically present stimuli for suprathreshold durations and disrupt processing with a mask. Here, we employed a newly developed tachistoscope that enables sub-millisecond presentations. Combining measures of perceptual sensitivity and recordings of neural activity, we find that both the holistic configuration and the emotional expression of a human face have the same minimal required exposure as the minimal required exposure for faces to reach awareness. These findings indicate that conscious awareness is required for processing meaningful visual information.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

Differential Performance of Professional Dancers to the Music Apperception Test and the Thematic Apperception Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-49
Author(s):  
Leland van den Daele ◽  
Ashley Yates ◽  
Sharon Rae Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Thematic Apperception Test ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Thematic Apperception ◽  
Professional Dancers ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Modality Preference

Abstract. This project compared the relative performance of professional dancers and nondancers on the Music Apperception Test (MAT; van den Daele, 2014 ), then compared dancers’ performance on the MAT with that on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943 ). The MAT asks respondents to “tell a story to the music” in compositions written to represent basic emotions. Dancers had significantly shorter response latency and were more fluent in storytelling than a comparison group matched for gender and age. Criterion-based evaluation of dancers’ narratives found narrative emotion consistent with music written to portray the emotion, with the majority integrating movement, sensation, and imagery. Approximately half the dancers were significantly more fluent on the MAT than the TAT, while the other half were significantly more fluent on the TAT than the MAT. Dancers who were more fluent on the MAT had a higher proportion of narratives that integrated movement and imagery compared with those more fluent on the TAT. The results were interpreted as consistent with differences observed in neurological studies of auditory and visual processing, educational studies of modality preference, and the cognitive style literature. The MAT provides an assessment tool to complement visually based performance tests in personality appraisal.

The Gender Typicality of Faces and Its Impact on Visual Processing and on Hiring Decisions

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa von Stockhausen ◽  
Sara Koeser ◽  
Sabine Sczesny
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Leadership Selection ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Feminine

Past research has shown that the gender typicality of applicants’ faces affects leadership selection irrespective of a candidate’s gender: A masculine facial appearance is congruent with masculine-typed leadership roles, thus masculine-looking applicants are hired more certainly than feminine-looking ones. In the present study, we extended this line of research by investigating hiring decisions for both masculine- and feminine-typed professional roles. Furthermore, we used eye tracking to examine the visual exploration of applicants’ portraits. Our results indicate that masculine-looking applicants were favored for the masculine-typed role (leader) and feminine-looking applicants for the feminine-typed role (team member). Eye movement patterns showed that information about gender category and facial appearance was integrated during first fixations of the portraits. Hiring decisions, however, were not based on this initial analysis, but occurred at a second stage, when the portrait was viewed in the context of considering the applicant for a specific job.

When Does Visual Processing Become Cognitive?

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-129
Author(s):  
E. Bruce Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing

The Wonder of Self-Reflective Conscious Awareness

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 623-624
Author(s):  
Mardi J. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Awareness
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