scholarly journals Error-preceding brain activity reflects (mal-)adaptive adjustments of cognitive control: a modeling study

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Steinhauser ◽  
Heike Eichele ◽  
Hilde T. Juvodden ◽  
Rene J. Huster ◽  
Markus Ullsperger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Modeling Study

Contributions of Brain Function and Structure to Three Different Domains of Cognitive Control in Normal Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jenny R. Rieck ◽  
Giulia Baracchini ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
And Task

Cognitive control involves the flexible allocation of mental resources during goal-directed behavior and comprises three correlated but distinct domains—inhibition, shifting, and working memory. The work of Don Stuss and others has demonstrated that frontal and parietal cortices are crucial to cognitive control, particularly in normal aging, which is characterized by reduced control mechanisms. However, the structure–function relationships specific to each domain and subsequent impact on performance are not well understood. In the current study, we examined both age and individual differences in functional activity associated with core domains of cognitive control in relation to fronto-parietal structure and task performance. Participants ( N = 140, aged 20–86 years) completed three fMRI tasks: go/no-go (inhibition), task switching (shifting), and n-back (working memory), in addition to structural and diffusion imaging. All three tasks engaged a common set of fronto-parietal regions; however, the contributions of age, brain structure, and task performance to functional activity were unique to each domain. Aging was associated with differences in functional activity for all tasks, largely in regions outside common fronto-parietal control regions. Shifting and inhibition showed greater contributions of structure to overall decreases in brain activity, suggesting that more intact fronto-parietal structure may serve as a scaffold for efficient functional response. Working memory showed no contribution of structure to functional activity but had strong effects of age and task performance. Together, these results provide a comprehensive and novel examination of the joint contributions of aging, performance, and brain structure to functional activity across multiple domains of cognitive control.

Common and specific dimensions of internalizing disorders are characterized by unique patterns of brain activity on a task of emotional cognitive control

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie T. Banich ◽  
Louisa L. Smith ◽  
Harry R. Smolker ◽  
Benjamin L. Hankin ◽  
Rebecca L. Silton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Internalizing Disorders

scholarly journals How the human brain introspects about one’s own episodes of cognitive control

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Soto ◽  
Mona Theodoraki ◽  
Pedro M. Paz-Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Internal Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Behavioural Performance

AbstractMetacognition refers to our capacity to reflect upon our experiences, thoughts and actions. Metacognition processes are linked to cognitive control functions that allow keeping our actions on-task. But it is unclear how the human brain builds an internal model of one’s cognition and behaviour. We conducted 2 fMRI experiments in which brain activity was recorded ‘online’ as participants engaged in a memory-guided search task and then later ‘offline’ when participants introspected about their prior experience and cognitive states during performance. In Experiment 1 the memory cues were task-relevant while in Experiment 2 they were irrelevant. Across Experiments, the patterns of brain activity, including frontoparietal regions, were similar during on-task and introspection states. However the connectivity profile amongst frontoparietal areas was distint during introspection and modulated by the relevance of the memory cues. Introspection was also characterized by increased temporal correlation between the default-mode network (DMN), frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks and visual cortex. We suggest that memories of one’s own experience during task performance are encoded in large-scale patterns of brain activity and that coupling between DMN and frontoparietal control networks may be crucial to build an internal model of one’s behavioural performance.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Neural Architecture of Decision-Making: Univariate and Multivariate Evidence for System-Based Models in Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
João F. Guassi Moreira ◽  
Adriana S. Méndez Leal ◽  
Yael H. Waizman ◽  
Natalie Saragosa-Harris ◽  
Emilia Ninova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

AbstractSystem-based theories are a popular approach to explaining the psychology of human decision making. Such theories posit that decision-making is governed by interactions between different psychological processes that arbitrate amongst each other for control over behavior. To date, system-based theories have received inconsistent support at the neural level, leading some to question their veracity. Here we examine the possibility that prior attempts to evaluate system-based theories have been limited by their reliance on predicting brain activity from behavior, and seek to advance evaluations of system-based models through modeling approaches that predict behavior from brain activity. Using within-subject decision-level modeling of fMRI data from a risk-taking task in a sample of over 2000 decisions across 51 adolescents—a population in which decision-making processes are particularly dynamic and consequential—we find support for system-based theories of decision-making. In particular, neural activity in lateral prefrontal cortex and a multivariate pattern of cognitive control both predicted a reduced likelihood of making a risky decision, whereas increased activity in the ventral striatum—a region typically associated with valuation processes—predicted a greater likelihood of engaging in risk-taking. These results comprise the first formalized within-subjects neuroimaging test of system-based theories, garnering support for the notion that competing systems drive decision behaviors.Significance StatementDecision making is central to adaptive behavior. While dominant psychological theories of decision-making behavior have found empirical support, their neuroscientific implementations have received inconsistent support. This may in part be due to statistical approaches employed by prior neuroimaging studies of system-based theories. Here we use brain modeling—an approach that predicts behavior from brain activity—of univariate and multivariate neural activity metrics to better understand how neural components of psychological systems guide decision behavior. We found broad support for system-based theories such that that neural systems involved in cognitive control predicted a reduced likelihood to make risky decisions, whereas value-based systems predicted greater risk-taking propensity.

scholarly journals Modulation of Brain Activity during a Stroop Inhibitory Task by the Kind of Cognitive Control Required

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e41513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Grandjean ◽  
Kevin D’Ostilio ◽  
Christophe Phillips ◽  
Evelyne Balteau ◽  
Christian Degueldre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Brain Activity

scholarly journals Oscillatory brain activity during multisensory attention reflects activation, disinhibition, and cognitive control

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Friese ◽  
Jonathan Daume ◽  
Florian Göschl ◽  
Peter König ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity
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