scholarly journals Oscillatory brain activity during multisensory attention reflects activation, disinhibition, and cognitive control

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Friese ◽  
Jonathan Daume ◽  
Florian Göschl ◽  
Peter König ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

scholarly journals Detection of event-related modulations of oscillatory brain activity with multivariate statistical analysis of MEG data

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1922-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan L.P. Soto ◽  
Dimitrios Pantazis ◽  
Karim Jerbi ◽  
Jean-Phillipe Lachaux ◽  
Line Garnero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

scholarly journals Effects of rhythmic stimulus presentation on oscillatory brain activity: the physiology of cueing in Parkinson’s disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. te Woerd ◽  
Robert Oostenveld ◽  
Bastiaan R. Bloem ◽  
Floris P. de Lange ◽  
Peter Praamstra
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

Pathomechanisms in hepatic encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Häussinger ◽  
Markus Butz ◽  
Alfons Schnitzler ◽  
Boris Görg
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
System Level ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
Neuronal Functions

Abstract Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent neuropsychiatric complication in patients with acute or chronic liver failure. Symptoms of HE in particular include disturbances of sensory and motor functions and cognition. HE is triggered by heterogeneous factors such as ammonia being a main toxin, benzodiazepines, proinflammatory cytokines and hyponatremia. HE in patients with liver cirrhosis is triggered by a low-grade cerebral edema and cerebral oxidative/nitrosative stress which bring about a number of functionally relevant alterations including posttranslational protein modifications, oxidation of RNA, gene expression changes and senescence. These alterations are suggested to impair astrocyte/neuronal functions and communication. On the system level, a global slowing of oscillatory brain activity and networks can be observed paralleling behavioral perceptual and motor impairments. Moreover, these changes are related to increased cerebral ammonia, alterations in neurometabolite and neurotransmitter concentrations and cortical excitability in HE patients.

Contributions of Brain Function and Structure to Three Different Domains of Cognitive Control in Normal Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Jenny R. Rieck ◽  
Giulia Baracchini ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
And Task

Cognitive control involves the flexible allocation of mental resources during goal-directed behavior and comprises three correlated but distinct domains—inhibition, shifting, and working memory. The work of Don Stuss and others has demonstrated that frontal and parietal cortices are crucial to cognitive control, particularly in normal aging, which is characterized by reduced control mechanisms. However, the structure–function relationships specific to each domain and subsequent impact on performance are not well understood. In the current study, we examined both age and individual differences in functional activity associated with core domains of cognitive control in relation to fronto-parietal structure and task performance. Participants ( N = 140, aged 20–86 years) completed three fMRI tasks: go/no-go (inhibition), task switching (shifting), and n-back (working memory), in addition to structural and diffusion imaging. All three tasks engaged a common set of fronto-parietal regions; however, the contributions of age, brain structure, and task performance to functional activity were unique to each domain. Aging was associated with differences in functional activity for all tasks, largely in regions outside common fronto-parietal control regions. Shifting and inhibition showed greater contributions of structure to overall decreases in brain activity, suggesting that more intact fronto-parietal structure may serve as a scaffold for efficient functional response. Working memory showed no contribution of structure to functional activity but had strong effects of age and task performance. Together, these results provide a comprehensive and novel examination of the joint contributions of aging, performance, and brain structure to functional activity across multiple domains of cognitive control.

scholarly journals Eye contact during joint attention with a humanoid robot modulates oscillatory brain activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyveli Kompatsiari ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Agnieszka Wykowska
Keyword(s):  
Joint Attention ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Gaze Cueing ◽  
Human Partner ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity

Eye contact established by a human partner has been shown to affect various cognitive processes of the receiver. However, little is known about humans’ responses to eye contact established by a humanoid robot. Here, we aimed at examining humans’ oscillatory brain response to eye contact with a humanoid robot. Eye contact (or lack thereof) was embedded in a gaze cueing task and preceded the phase of gaze-related attentional orienting. In addition to examining the effect of eye contact on the recipient, we also tested its impact on gaze cueing effects. Results showed that participants rated eye contact as more engaging and responded with higher desynchronization of alpha-band activity in left fronto-central and central electrode clusters when the robot established eye contact with them, compared to no eye contact condition. However, eye contact did not modulate gaze cueing effects. The results are interpreted in terms of the functional roles involved in alpha central rhythms (potentially interpretable also as mu rhythm), including joint attention and engagement in social interaction.

scholarly journals Physical exercise increases overall brain oscillatory activity but does not influence inhibitory control in young adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Ciria ◽  
Pandelis Perakakis ◽  
Antonio Luque-Casado ◽  
Daniel Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Power Increase ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractExtant evidence suggests that acute exercise triggers a tonic power increase in the alpha frequency band at frontal locations, which has been linked to benefits in cognitive function. However, recent literature has questioned such a selective effect on a particular frequency band, indicating a rather overall power increase across the entire frequency spectrum. Moreover, the nature of task-evoked oscillatory brain activity associated to inhibitory control after exercising, and the duration of the exercise effect, are not yet clear. Here, we investigate for the first time steady state oscillatory brain activity during and following an acute bout of aerobic exercise at two different exercise intensities (moderate-to-high and light), by means of a data-driven cluster-based approach to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of exercise-induced effects on brain function without prior assumptions on any frequency range or site of interest. We also assess the transient oscillatory brain activity elicited by stimulus presentation, as well as behavioural performance, in two inhibitory control (flanker) tasks, one performed after a short delay following the physical exercise and another completed after a rest period of 15’ post-exercise to explore the time course of exercise-induced changes on brain function and cognitive performance. The results show that oscillatory brain activity increases during exercise compared to the resting state, and that this increase is higher during the moderate-to-high intensity exercise with respect to the light intensity exercise. In addition, our results show that the global pattern of increased oscillatory brain activity is not specific to any concrete surface localization in slow frequencies, while in faster frequencies this effect is located in parieto-occipital sites. Notably, the exercise-induced increase in oscillatory brain activity disappears immediately after the end of the exercise bout. Neither transient (event-related) oscillatory activity, nor behavioral performance during the flanker tasks following exercise showed significant between-intensity differences. The present findings help elucidate the effect of physical exercise on oscillatory brain activity and challenge previous research suggesting improved inhibitory control following moderate-to-high acute exercise.

scholarly journals Sub-second dynamics of theta-gamma coupling in hippocampal CA1

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
John Lee ◽  
Christopher Rozell ◽  
Annabelle C Singer
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Excitatory State ◽  
Hippocampal Ca1 ◽  
Frequent Switching ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Oscillatory Brain Activity ◽  
Oscillatory Coupling

Oscillatory brain activity reflects different internal brain states including neurons’ excitatory state and synchrony among neurons. However, characterizing these states is complicated by the fact that different oscillations are often coupled, such as gamma oscillations nested in theta in the hippocampus, and changes in coupling are thought to reflect distinct states. Here, we describe a new method to separate single oscillatory cycles into distinct states based on frequency and phase coupling. Using this method, we identified four theta-gamma coupling states in rat hippocampal CA1. These states differed in abundance across behaviors, phase synchrony with other hippocampal subregions, and neural coding properties suggesting that these states are functionally distinct. We captured cycle-to-cycle changes in oscillatory coupling states and found frequent switching between theta-gamma states showing that the hippocampus rapidly shifts between different functional states. This method provides a new approach to investigate oscillatory brain dynamics broadly.

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