scholarly journals Cognitive Judgment Bias Interacts with Risk Based Decision Making and Sensitivity to Dopaminergic Challenge in Male Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Drozd ◽  
Przemyslaw E. Cieslak ◽  
Michal Rychlik ◽  
Jan Rodriguez Parkitna ◽  
Rafal Rygula
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Cognitive Judgment Bias

scholarly journals Risk-based Decision Making in Rats: Modulation by Sex and Amphetamine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dannia Islas-Preciado ◽  
Steven R. Wainwright ◽  
Julia Sniegocki ◽  
Stephane E. Lieblich ◽  
Shunya Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractDecision-making is a complex process essential to daily adaptation in many species. Risk is an inherent aspect of decision-making and it is influenced by gonadal hormones. Testosterone and 17β-estradiol may modulate decision making and impact the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway. Here, we explored sex differences, the effect of gonadal hormones and the dopamine agonist amphetamine on risk-based decision making. Intact or gonadectomised (GDX) male and female rats underwent to a probabilistic discounting task. High and low doses of testosterone propionate (1.0 or 0.2 mg) and 17β-estradiol benzoate (0.3 μg) were administered to assess acute effects on risk-based decision making. After 3-days of washout period, intact and GDX rats received high or low (0.5 or 0.125 mg/kg) doses of amphetamine and re-tested in the probabilistic discounting task. Under baseline conditions, males made more risky choices during probability discounting compared to female rats, particularly in the lower probability blocks, but GDX did not influence risky choice. The high, but not the low dose, of testosterone modestly reduced risky decision making in GDX male rats. Conversely, 17β-estradiol had no significant effect on risky choice regardless of GDX status in either sex. Lastly, a higher dose of amphetamine increased risky decision making in both intact males and females, but had no effect in GDX rats. These findings demonstrated sex differences in risk-based decision making, with males showing a stronger bias towards larger, uncertain rewards. GDX status influenced the effects of amphetamine, suggesting different dopaminergic regulation in risk-based choices among males and females.

Central but not peripheral oxytocin administration reduces risk-based decision-making in male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 104840
Author(s):  
Danielle N. Tapp ◽  
Mitchell D. Singstock ◽  
Meredith S. Gottliebson ◽  
Matthew S. McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Male Rats

Judgment Bias and Decision Making in Negotiation

2011 ◽  
pp. 211-227
Author(s):  
William P. Bottom ◽  
Dejun Tony Kong ◽  
Alexandra A. Mislin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment Bias

A cafeteria diet alters the decision making strategy and metabolic markers in Sprague-Dawley male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Virtuoso ◽  
Björn Forkman ◽  
David A. Sarruf ◽  
Pernille Tveden-Nyborg ◽  
Dorte Bratbo Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Metabolic Markers

scholarly journals A bidirectional corticoamygdala circuit for the encoding and retrieval of detailed reward memories

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C Sias ◽  
Ashleigh K Morse ◽  
Sherry Wang ◽  
Venuz Y Greenfield ◽  
Caitlin M Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Reward Conditioning ◽  
Environmental Reward ◽  
Direct Input

Adaptive reward-related decision making often requires accurate and detailed representation of potential available rewards. Environmental reward-predictive stimuli can facilitate these representations, allowing one to infer which specific rewards might be available and choose accordingly. This process relies on encoded relationships between the cues and the sensory-specific details of the reward they predict. Here we interrogated the function of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and its interaction with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) in the ability to learn such stimulus-outcome associations and use these memories to guide decision making. Using optical recording and inhibition approaches, Pavlovian cue-reward conditioning, and the outcome-selective Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) test in male rats, we found that the BLA is robustly activated at the time of stimulus-outcome learning and that this activity is necessary for sensory-specific stimulus-outcome memories to be encoded, so they can subsequently influence reward choices. Direct input from the lOFC was found to support the BLA in this function. Based on prior work, activity in BLA projections back to the lOFC was known to support the use of stimulus-outcome memories to influence decision making. By multiplexing optogenetic and chemogenetic inhibition we performed a serial circuit disconnection and found that the lOFCàBLA and BLAàlOFC pathways form a functional circuit regulating the encoding (lOFCàBLA) and subsequent use (BLAàlOFC) of the stimulus-dependent, sensory-specific reward memories that are critical for adaptive, appetitive decision making.

Judgment Bias and Decision Making in Negotiation

2014 ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
William P. Bottom ◽  
Dejun Tony Kong ◽  
Alexandra A. Mislin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment Bias

Perception of survival and overconfidence: The case of Najib Razak (2009–2018)

2020 ◽  
pp. 205789112095983
Author(s):  
Eryan Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
National Organisation

This article aims to examine political decision-making by focusing on how leaders’ motivation to maintain power affects their perception of political survival. Such motivation however is susceptible to judgment bias. Built on political psychology, accountability may help leaders improve their cognitive complexity or make them resort to cognitive shortcuts. Where leaders end up in the cognitive spectrum depends on the type of audiences to whom they feel accountable: core (i.e. ruling elites and loyal voters) and external (i.e. the opposition and its supporters) audiences. Preoccupation with the former may prompt leaders to downplay the latter’s challenges. Moreover, leaders’ understanding of their support base may be mistaken—that core audiences may shift their allegiance to the opposition. The result is overconfidence. Analysing Najib Razak’s leadership (2009–2018), I argue that Najib’s perception of survival stemmed from his perceived unwavering loyalty towards core audiences, invulnerability as the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) standard-bearer and the weakness of the opposition. Unfortunately, his overconfidence resulted in Barisan Nasional’s (BN) defeat in GE14.

Decision Making Bias in Complex Task Environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (16) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Perrin ◽  
Barbara J. Barnett ◽  
Larry C. Walrath
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Task Simulation

This presentation summarizes the results of an empirical study examining human judgment bias under conditions of uncertainty and time pressure in surface Anti-Air Warfare (AAW). A substantial body of research has demonstrated that humans apply a limited set of heuristics to simplify decision making in complex and ambiguous situations. Most of this research, however, has used college students making logical, but unfamiliar judgments. This study was designed to assess whether Naval personnel, trained and experienced in AAW operations, exhibit these biases when performing their normal duties. Specifically, we studied whether the judgments of Naval tactical action officers in a realistic task simulation exhibit characteristics of the biases of availability, representativeness, anchoring-contrast, and confirmation. Our prediction that experienced subjects would disregard lack of reliability in otherwise representative data was only partially supported by the study. On the other hand, each of our other predictions was strongly supported. Our subjects ignored baseline trends when other case-specific information was available (representativeness and availability). They were significantly influenced by the order they received evidence, showing a recency effect characteristic of contrast. Additionally, as is characteristic of confirmation bias, they recalled much more of the information that was consistent with their final hypothesis and evaluated it as more informative than the inconsistent data, regardless of which hypothesis they had adopted. Implications for Naval decision support systems information and display are discussed.

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