scholarly journals Phasic excitation of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons potentiates the initiation of conditioned approach behavior: parametric and reinforcement-schedule analyses

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Ilango ◽  
Andrew J. Kesner ◽  
Carl J. Broker ◽  
Dong V. Wang ◽  
Satoshi Ikemoto
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Approach Behavior ◽  
Conditioned Approach ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

scholarly journals Ventral tegmental area astrocytes orchestrate avoidance and approach behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Gomez ◽  
J. M. Perkins ◽  
G. M. Beaudoin ◽  
N. B. Cook ◽  
S. A. Quraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Approach Behavior ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Glutamatergic Signaling ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

AbstractThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous midbrain structure, containing neurons and astrocytes, that coordinates approach and avoidance behaviors by integrating activity from numerous afferents. Within neuron-astrocyte networks, astrocytes control signals from distinct afferents in a circuit-specific manner, but whether this capacity scales up to drive motivated behavior has been undetermined. Using genetic and optical dissection strategies in vitro and during behavior we report that VTA astrocytes tune glutamatergic signaling selectively on local inhibitory neurons to drive a functional circuit for learned avoidance. In this circuit, VTA astrocytes facilitate excitation of local GABA neurons to increase inhibition of dopamine neurons. The increased inhibition of dopamine neurons elicits real-time and learned avoidance behavior that is sufficient to impede expression of learned preference for reward. Despite the large number of functions performed by astrocytes, loss of one glutamate transporter (GLT-1) from VTA astrocytes selectively blocks these avoidance behaviors and spares preference for reward. Thus, VTA astrocytes selectively regulate excitation of local GABA neurons to drive a distinct learned avoidance circuit that opposes learned approach behavior.

scholarly journals GABA Site Agonist Gaboxadol Induces Addiction-Predicting Persistent Changes in Ventral Tegmental Area Dopamine Neurons But Is Not Rewarding in Mice or Baboons

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 5310-5320 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vashchinkina ◽  
A. Panhelainen ◽  
O. Y. Vekovischeva ◽  
T. Aitta-aho ◽  
B. Ebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Ventral Tegmental

The Evolving Understanding of Dopamine Neurons in the Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Gantz ◽  
Christopher P. Ford ◽  
Hitoshi Morikawa ◽  
John T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Ventral Tegmental
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