scholarly journals Distinct Microbial Communities in Adjacent Rock and Soil Substrates on a High Arctic Polar Desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hoe Choe ◽  
Mincheol Kim ◽  
Yoo Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Polar Desert ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Diversity Assessment

Understanding microbial niche variability in polar regions can provide insights into the adaptive diversification of microbial lineages in extreme environments. Compositions of microbial communities in Arctic soils are well documented but a comprehensive multidomain diversity assessment of rocks remains insufficiently studied. In this study, we obtained two types of rocks (sandstone and limestone) and soils around the rocks in a high Arctic polar desert (Svalbard), and examined the compositions of archaeal, bacterial, fungal, and protistan communities in the rocks and soils. The microbial community structure differed significantly between rocks and soils across all microbial groups at higher taxonomic levels, indicating that Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Latescibacteria, Rokubacteria, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Mortierellomycetes, Sarcomonadea, and Spirotrichea were more abundant in soils, whereas Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, FBP, Lecanoromycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Trebouxiophyceae, and Ulvophyceae were more abundant in rocks. Interestingly, fungal communities differed markedly between two different rock types, which is likely to be ascribed to the predominance of distinct lichen-forming fungal taxa (Verrucariales in limestone, and Lecanorales in sandstone). This suggests that the physical or chemical properties of rocks could be a major determinant in the successful establishment of lichens in lithic environments. Furthermore, the biotic interactions among microorganisms based on co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Polyblastia and Verrucaria in limestone, and Atla, Porpidia, and Candelariella in sandstone play an important role as keystone taxa in the lithic communities. Our study shows that even in niches with the same climate regime and proximity to each other, heterogeneity of edaphic and lithic niches can affect microbial community assembly, which could be helpful in comprehensively understanding the effects of niche on microbial assembly in Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.

scholarly journals Microbial dynamics in a High-Arctic glacier forefield: a combined field, laboratory, and modelling approach

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Bradley ◽  
Sandra Arndt ◽  
Marie Šabacká ◽  
Liane G. Benning ◽  
Gary L. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract. Modelling the development of soils in glacier forefields is necessary in order to assess how microbial and geochemical processes interact and shape soil development in response to glacier retreat. Furthermore, such models can help us predict microbial growth and the fate of Arctic soils in an increasingly ice-free future. Here, for the first time, we combined field sampling with laboratory analyses and numerical modelling to investigate microbial community dynamics in oligotrophic proglacial soils in Svalbard. We measured low bacterial growth rates and growth efficiencies (relative to estimates from Alpine glacier forefields), and high sensitivity to soil temperature (relative to temperate soils). We used these laboratory measurements to inform parameter values in a new numerical model and significantly refined predictions of microbial and biogeochemical dynamics of soil development over a period of roughly 120 years. The model predicted the observed accumulation of autotrophic and heterotrophic biomass. Genomic data indicated that initial microbial communities were dominated by bacteria derived from the subglacial environment, whereas older soils hosted a mixed community of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria. This finding was validated by the numerical model, which showed that active microbial communities play key roles in fixing and recycling carbon and nutrients. We also demonstrated the role of allochthonous carbon and microbial necromass in sustaining a pool of organic material, despite high heterotrophic activity in older soils. This combined field, laboratory and modelling approach demonstrates the value of integrated model-data studies to understand and quantify the functioning of the microbial community in an emerging High-Arctic soil ecosystem.

scholarly journals Microbial Community Structure in Lake and Wetland Sediments from a High Arctic Polar Desert Revealed by Targeted Transcriptomics

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e89531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena K. Stoeva ◽  
Stéphane Aris-Brosou ◽  
John Chételat ◽  
Holger Hintelmann ◽  
Philip Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Polar Desert

scholarly journals Comparing Rock-inhabiting Microbial Communities in Different Rock Types from a High Arctic Polar Desert

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Hoe Choe ◽  
Mincheol Kim ◽  
Jusun Woo ◽  
Mi Jung Lee ◽  
Jong Ik Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Polar Desert ◽  
Rock Types

scholarly journals Microbial Communities in a High Arctic Polar Desert Landscape

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. McCann ◽  
Matthew J. Wade ◽  
Neil D. Gray ◽  
Jennifer A. Roberts ◽  
Casey R. J. Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Polar Desert ◽  
Desert Landscape

Differential microbial communities in paddy soils between Guiyang plateaus and Chengdu basins drive the incidence of rice bacterial diseases

Plant Disease ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajiao Wang ◽  
Shuping Tian ◽  
Nan Wu ◽  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Soil Microbial

Southwest China has the most complex rice-growing regions in China. With great differences in topography, mainly consisting of basins and plateaus, ecological factors in above region differ greatly. In this study, bulk paddy soils collected from a long-term rice field in Chengdu (basins) and in Guiyang (plateaus) were used to study the correlation between microbial diversity and the incidence of rice bacterial diseases. Results showed that the microbial community composition in paddy soils and the microbial functional categories differed significantly between basins and plateaus. They shared more than 70% of the dominant genera (abundance > 1%), but the abundance of the dominant genera differed significantly. Functional analysis found that bulk paddy soils from Chengdu were significantly enriched in virulence factor-related genes; soils from Guiyang were enriched in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites especially antibiotics. Correspondingly, Chengdu was significantly enriched in leaf bacterial pathogens Acidovorax, Xanthomonas, and Pseudomonas. Greenhouse experiments and correlation analysis showed that soil chemical properties had a greater effect on microbial community composition and positively related with the higher incidence of rice bacterial foot rot in Guiyang, while temperature had a greater effect on soil microbial functions and positively related with the higher severity index of leaf bacterial diseases in Chengdu. Our results provide a new perspective on how differences in microbial communities in paddy soils can influence the incidence of rice bacterial diseases in areas with different topographies.

scholarly journals Arctic plant diversity in the Early Eocene greenhouse

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1733) ◽  
pp. 1515-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy J. Harrington ◽  
Jaelyn Eberle ◽  
Ben A. Le-Page ◽  
Mary Dawson ◽  
J. Howard Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Diversity Gradient ◽  
The Us ◽  
Animal Communities

For the majority of the Early Caenozoic, a remarkable expanse of humid, mesothermal to temperate forests spread across Northern Polar regions that now contain specialized plant and animal communities adapted to life in extreme environments. Little is known on the taxonomic diversity of Arctic floras during greenhouse periods of the Caenozoic. We show for the first time that plant richness in the globally warm Early Eocene (approx. 55–52 Myr) in the Canadian High Arctic (76° N) is comparable with that approximately 3500 km further south at mid-latitudes in the US western interior (44–47° N). Arctic Eocene pollen floras are most comparable in richness with today's forests in the southeastern United States, some 5000 km further south of the Arctic. Nearly half of the Eocene, Arctic plant taxa are endemic and the richness of pollen floras implies significant patchiness to the vegetation type and clear regional richness of angiosperms. The reduced latitudinal diversity gradient in Early Eocene North American plant species demonstrates that extreme photoperiod in the Arctic did not limit taxonomic diversity of plants.

Freshwater microbial community diversity in a rapidly changing High Arctic watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antonia Cavaco ◽  
Vincent Lawrence St. Louis ◽  
Katja Engel ◽  
Kyra Alexandra St. Pierre ◽  
Sherry Lin Schiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Rrna Gene

ABSTRACT Current models predict increases in High Arctic temperatures and precipitation that will have profound impacts on the Arctic hydrological cycle, including enhanced glacial melt and thawing of active layer soils. However, it remains uncertain how these changes will impact the structure of downstream resident freshwater microbial communities and ensuing microbially driven freshwater ecosystem services. Using the Lake Hazen watershed (Nunavut, Canada; 82°N, 71°W) as a sentinel system, we related microbial community composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) to physicochemical parameters (e.g. dissolved oxygen and nutrients) over an annual hydrological cycle in three freshwater compartments within the watershed: (i) glacial rivers; (ii) active layer thaw-fed streams and waterbodies and (iii) Lake Hazen, into which (i) and (ii) drain. Microbial communities throughout these freshwater compartments were strongly interconnected, hydrologically, and often correlated with the presence of melt-sourced chemicals (e.g. dissolved inorganic carbon) as the melt season progressed. Within Lake Hazen itself, water column microbial communities were generally stable over spring and summer, despite fluctuating lake physicochemistry, indicating that these communities and the potential ecosystem services they provide therein may be resilient to environmental change. This work helps to establish a baseline understanding of how microbial communities and the ecosystem services they provide in Arctic watersheds might respond to future climate change.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Dilution Procedure Used To Manipulate Microbial Biodiversity in Terrestrial Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (13) ◽  
pp. 4246-4252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yan ◽  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer ◽  
Johannes A. van Veen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTIt is hard to assess experimentally the importance of microbial diversity in soil for the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. An approach that is often used to make such assessment is the so-called dilution method. This method is based on the assumption that the biodiversity of the microbial community is reduced after dilution of a soil suspension and that the reduced diversity persists after incubation of more or less diluted inocula in soil. However, little is known about how the communities develop in soil after inoculation. In this study, serial dilutions of a soil suspension were made and reinoculated into the original soil previously sterilized by gamma irradiation. We determined the structure of the microbial communities in the suspensions and in the inoculated soils using 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Upon dilution, several diversity indices showed that, indeed, the diversity of the bacterial communities in the suspensions decreased dramatically, withProteobacteriaas the dominant phylum of bacteria detected in all dilutions. The structure of the microbial community was changed considerably in soil, withProteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, andVerrucomicrobiaas the dominant groups in most diluted samples, indicating the importance of soil-related mechanisms operating in the assembly of the communities. We found unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) even in the highest dilution in both the suspensions and the incubated soil samples. We conclude that the dilution approach reduces the diversity of microbial communities in soil samples but that it does not allow accurate predictions of the community assemblage during incubation of (diluted) suspensions in soil.

scholarly journals Arctic gypsum endoliths: a biogeochemical characterization of a viable and active microbial community

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7661-7675 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Ziolkowski ◽  
N. C. S. Mykytczuk ◽  
C. R. Omelon ◽  
H. Johnson ◽  
L. G. Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Canadian High Arctic ◽  
Polar Desert ◽  
Endolithic Community

Abstract. Extreme environmental conditions such as those found in the polar regions on Earth are thought to test the limits of life. Microorganisms living in these environments often seek protection from environmental stresses such as high UV exposure, desiccation and rapid temperature fluctuations, with one protective habitat found within rocks. Such endolithic microbial communities, which often consist of bacteria, fungi, algae and lichens, are small-scale ecosystems comprised of both producers and consumers. However, the harsh environmental conditions experienced by polar endolithic communities are thought to limit microbial diversity and therefore the rate at which they cycle carbon. In this study, we characterized the microbial community diversity, turnover rate and microbe–mineral interactions of a gypsum-based endolithic community in the polar desert of the Canadian high Arctic. 16S/18S/23S rRNA pyrotag sequencing demonstrated the presence of a diverse community of phototrophic and heterotrophic bacteria, archaea, algae and fungi. Stable carbon isotope analysis of the viable microbial membranes, as phospholipid fatty acids and glycolipid fatty acids, confirmed the diversity observed by molecular techniques and indicated that present-day atmospheric carbon is assimilated into the microbial community biomass. Uptake of radiocarbon from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing during the 1960s into microbial lipids was used as a pulse label to determine that the microbial community turns over carbon on the order of 10 yr, equivalent to 4.4 g C m−2 yr−1 gross primary productivity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs indicated that mechanical weathering of gypsum by freeze–thaw cycles leads to increased porosity, which ultimately increases the habitability of the rock. In addition, while bacteria were adhered to these mineral surfaces, chemical analysis by micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectroscopy suggests little evidence for microbial alteration of minerals, which contrasts with other endolithic habitats. While it is possible that these communities turn over carbon quickly and leave little evidence of microbe–mineral interaction, an alternative hypothesis is that the soluble and friable nature of gypsum and harsh conditions lead to elevated erosion rates, limiting microbial residence times in this habitat. Regardless, this endolithic community represents a microbial system that does not rely on a nutrient pool from the host gypsum cap rock, instead receiving these elements from allochthonous debris to maintain a more diverse and active community than might have been predicted in the polar desert of the Canadian high Arctic.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and functional analyses of intact microbial communities thriving in extreme, astrobiology-relevant, anoxic sites

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kristin Bashir ◽  
Lisa Wink ◽  
Stefanie Duller ◽  
Petra Schwendner ◽  
Charles Cockell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Acidic Lake ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Microbiome Profile ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Background Extreme terrestrial, analogue environments are widely used models to study the limits of life and to infer habitability of extraterrestrial settings. In contrast to Earth’s ecosystems, potential extraterrestrial biotopes are usually characterized by a lack of oxygen. Methods In the MASE project (Mars Analogues for Space Exploration), we selected representative anoxic analogue environments (permafrost, salt-mine, acidic lake and river, sulfur springs) for the comprehensive analysis of their microbial communities. We assessed the microbiome profile of intact cells by propidium monoazide-based amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing, supplemented with an extensive cultivation effort. Results The information retrieved from microbiome analyses on the intact microbial community thriving in the MASE sites, together with the isolation of 31 model microorganisms and successful binning of 15 high-quality genomes allowed us to observe principle pathways, which pinpoint specific microbial functions in the MASE sites compared to moderate environments. The microorganisms were characterized by an impressive machinery to withstand physical and chemical pressures. All levels of our analyses revealed the strong and omnipresent dependency of the microbial communities on complex organic matter. Moreover, we identified an extremotolerant cosmopolitan group of 34 poly-extremophiles thriving in all sites. Conclusions Our results reveal the presence of a core microbiome and microbial taxonomic similarities between saline and acidic anoxic environments. Our work further emphasizes the importance of the environmental, terrestrial parameters for the functionality of a microbial community, but also reveals a high proportion of living microorganisms in extreme environments with a high adaptation potential within habitability borders.

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