scholarly journals Phytofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Three Flower Extracts and Their Antibacterial Activities Against Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Strain YY06 of Bacterial Wilt

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Jun Cheng ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jing-Ze Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Solanacearum Strain

scholarly journals A Single Locus Leads to Resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana to Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Through a Hypersensitive-like Response

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan-Der Ho ◽  
Chang-Hsien Yang
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Northern Blot Analysis ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Solanacearum Strain ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Strains of Ralstonia solanacearum have been shown to cause bacterial wilt in some, but not all, ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate here that after inoculation of the leaves of resistant ecotype S96 with R. solanacearum strain Ps95 necrosis around the inoculation site rapidly appeared and no further symptoms developed in the plant. Leaves of susceptible ecotype N913 completely wilted 7 days after inoculation with Ps95, and symptoms spread systemically throughout the whole plant within 2 weeks after inoculation. These results suggest that the resistance of Arabidopsis S96 to R. solanacearum is due to a response similar to the hypersensitive response (HR) observed in other plant diseases. Northern blot analysis of the expression of defense-related genes, known to be differentially induced during the HR in Arabidopsis, indicated that pathogenesis-related protein PR-1, glutathione S-transferase (GST1), and Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNAs increased significantly in S96 leaves between 3 to 12 h after infiltration with Ps95. The induction of these genes in susceptible ecotype N913 by Ps95 was clearly delayed. Genetic analysis of crosses between resistant ecotype S96 and susceptible ecotype N913 indicated that resistance to Ps95 is due to a single dominant locus.

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Encounters an Oxidative Environment During Tomato Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zomary Flores-Cruz ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Solanacearum Strain ◽  
Pathogen Populations

Ralstonia solanacearum genes that are induced during tomato infection suggested that this pathogen encounters reactive oxygen species (ROS) during bacterial wilt pathogenesis. The genomes of R. solanacearum contain multiple redundant ROS-scavenging enzymes, indirect evidence that this pathogen experiences intense oxidative stress during its life cycle. Over 9% of the bacterium's plant-induced genes were also upregulated by hydrogen peroxide in culture, suggesting that oxidative stress may be linked to life in the plant host. Tomato leaves infected by R. solanacearum contained hydrogen peroxide, and concentrations of this ROS increased as pathogen populations increased. Mutagenesis of a plant-induced predicted peroxidase gene, bcp, resulted in an R. solanacearum strain with reduced ability to detoxify ROS in culture. The bcp mutant caused slightly delayed bacterial wilt disease onset in tomato. Moreover, its virulence was significantly reduced on tobacco plants engineered to overproduce hydrogen peroxide, demonstrating that Bcp is necessary for detoxification of plant-derived hydrogen peroxide and providing evidence that host ROS can limit the success of this pathogen. These results reveal that R. solanacearum is exposed to ROS during pathogenesis and that it has evolved a redundant and efficient oxidative stress response to adapt to the host environment and cause disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Rotation on Tomato Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and Survival of the Pathogen in the Rhizospheres and Roots of Different Crops in Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Getachew Ayana ◽  
Chemeda Fininsa
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Solanacearum Strain ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Survival of Ralstonia solanacearum in a environment or ecosystem depends on many factors, such as the race or strain of the pathogen, physical, chemical, biological soil factors and presence or absence of a host and non-hosts plants. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of one and two season rotation sequences on the development of tomato bacterial wilt; and the survival ability of R. solanacearum in the rhizosphere and roots of presumable hosts and non-host crops in Ethiopia. A one season crop rotation involving tomato- maize-tomato, tomato- common beans -tomato and two season rotations consisting of tomato - maize- common bean-tomato, tomato –common beans – maize-tomato and tomato – tomato- tomato were established at Melkassa in Ethiopia. The effect of the system was evaluated on bacterial wilt of tomato under field conditions using a susceptible tomato cultivar (Marglobe). In one season rotation treatment involving common bean and maize after tomato resulted in a reduction of an average 6% and 16% final wilt incidence, respectively. Similarly, in the two seasons rotation sequence growing tomato after bean-maize and maize-bean resulted in about 29% average final wilt incidence reduction. The onset of wilt incidence was also delayed by one week in the two season rotations with common bean and maize compared to continues tomato growing and one season rotation with non-host crops. Survival of ability of R. solanacearum, strain designated as TomNa3 biovar 1 race 1 was studied under soil rhizosphere and roots of presumably non-host and hosts of different crops under glasshouse conditions. The pathogen was detected in rhizosphere soils and roots of presumable non-host and hosts for the pathogen after 120 days after inoculation. The population of bacterial pathogens was recorded in a declining trend but detectable in the rhizosphere soils and roots of presumable non-host crops at 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days after inoculation.

Improvement of antifungal and antibacterial activities of food packages using silver nanoparticles synthesized by iturin A

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 100669
Author(s):  
Xixi Zhao ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Chongyang Ai ◽  
Lu Yan ◽  
Chunmei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Iturin A ◽  
Food Packages

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract: Characterization, photocatalytic and antibacterial activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 112670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal A. Awad ◽  
Awatif A. Hendi ◽  
Khalid Mustafa Ortashi ◽  
Batool Alzahrani ◽  
Dina Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum

scholarly journals Green Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Carissa carandas L. and Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Reetika Singh ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Gopal Nath ◽  
Bechan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carissa Carandas ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Carissa carandas L. is traditionally used as antibacterial medicine and accumulates many antioxidant phytochemicals. Here, we expand this traditional usage with the green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) achieved using a Carissa carandas L. leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent. The green synthesis of AgNPs reaction was carried out using 1mM silver nitrate and leaf extract. The effect of temperature on the synthesis of AgNPs was examined using room temperature (25 °C) and 60 °C. The silver nanoparticles were formed in one hour by stirring at room temperature. In this case, a yellowish brown colour was developed. The successful formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The characteristic peaks of the UV-vis spectrum and XRD confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs. The biosynthesised AgNPs showed potential antioxidant activity through DPPH assay. These AgNPs also exhibited potential antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria. The results were compared with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the plant extract, and clearly suggest that the green biosynthesized AgNPs can constitute an effective antioxidant and antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Needs Motility for Invasive Virulence on Tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (12) ◽  
pp. 3597-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Tans-Kersten ◽  
Huayu Huang ◽  
Caitilyn Allen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Virulence Assay ◽  
Flagellar Filament

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum, a widely distributed and economically important plant pathogen, invades the roots of diverse plant hosts from the soil and aggressively colonizes the xylem vessels, causing a lethal wilting known as bacterial wilt disease. By examining bacteria from the xylem vessels of infected plants, we found thatR. solanacearum is essentially nonmotile in planta, although it can be highly motile in culture. To determine the role of pathogen motility in this disease, we cloned, characterized, and mutated two genes in the R. solanacearum flagellar biosynthetic pathway. The genes for flagellin, the subunit of the flagellar filament (fliC), and for the flagellar motor switch protein (fliM) were isolated based on their resemblance to these proteins in other bacteria. As is typical for flagellins, the predicted FliC protein had well-conserved N- and C-terminal regions, separated by a divergent central domain. The predicted R. solanacearum FliM closely resembled motor switch proteins from other proteobacteria. Chromosomal mutants lackingfliC or fliM were created by replacing the genes with marked interrupted constructs. Since fliM is embedded in the fliLMNOPQR operon, the aphAcassette was used to make a nonpolar fliM mutation. Both mutants were completely nonmotile on soft agar plates, in minimal broth, and in tomato plants. The fliC mutant lacked flagella altogether; moreover, sheared-cell protein preparations from the fliC mutant lacked a 30-kDa band corresponding to flagellin. The fliM mutant was usually aflagellate, but about 10% of cells had abnormal truncated flagella. In a biologically representative soil-soak inoculation virulence assay, both nonmotile mutants were significantly reduced in the ability to cause disease on tomato plants. However, the fliC mutant had wild-type virulence when it was inoculated directly onto cut tomato petioles, an inoculation method that did not require bacteria to enter the intact host from the soil. These results suggest that swimming motility makes its most important contribution to bacterial wilt virulence in the early stages of host plant invasion and colonization.

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