scholarly journals Sugar Phosphorylation Controls Carbon Source Utilization and Virulence of Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Wijnants ◽  
Michael Riedelberger ◽  
Philipp Penninger ◽  
Karl Kuchler ◽  
Patrick Van Dijck
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Sugar Phosphorylation

The mitochondrial protein Mcu1 plays important roles in carbon source utilization, filamentation, and virulence in Candida albicans

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobo Guan ◽  
Haitao Wang ◽  
Weihong Liang ◽  
Chengjun Cao ◽  
Li Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization

scholarly journals Carbon source utilization and hydrogen production by isolated anaerobic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jame ◽  
V. Zelená ◽  
B. Lakatoš ◽  
Ľ. Varečka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Sheep Rumen

Abstract Five bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to generate hydrogen during anaerobic fermentation with various carbon sources. One isolate from sheep rumen was identified as Escherichia coli and four isolates belonged to Clostridium spp. Glucose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, lactose and cellobiose were used as carbon sources. Results showed that all bacterial strains could utilize these compounds, although the utilization of pentoses diminished growth yield. The excretion of monocarboxylic acids (acetate, propionate, formiate, butyrate) into medium was changed after replacing glucose by other carbon sources. Di- and tricarboxylic acids were excreted in negligible amounts only. Spectra of excreted carboxylic acids were unique for each strain and all carbon sources. All isolates produced H2 between 4—9 mmol·L−1 during the stationary phase of growth with glucose as energy source. This value was dramatically reduced when pentoses were used as carbon source. Lactose and cellobiose, starch and cellulose were suitable substrates for the H2 production in some but not all isolates. No H2 was produced by proteinaceous substrate, such as blood. Results show that both substrate utilization and physiological responses (growth, excretion of carboxylates, H2 production) are unique functions of each isolate.

The assimilation of different carbon sources in Candida albicans: Fitness and pathogenicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Lok ◽  
Mowaffaq Adam Ahmad Adam ◽  
Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal ◽  
Nwakpa Anthony Chukwudi ◽  
Rosline Sandai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
Cell Wall Biogenesis

Abstract Candida albicans is a commensal yeast commonly found on the skin and in the body. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the fungi could cause local and systemic infections. The carbon source available plays an important role in the establishment of C. albicans infections. The fungi's ability to assimilate a variety of carbon sources plays a vital role in its colonization, and by extension, its fitness and pathogenicity, as it often inhabits niches that are glucose-limited but rich in alternative carbon sources. A difference in carbon sources affect the growth and mating of C. albicans, which contributes to its pathogenicity as proliferation helps the fungi colonize its environment. The carbon source also affects its metabolism and signaling pathways, which are integral parts of the fungi's fitness and pathogenicity. As a big percentage of the carbon assimilated by C. albicans goes to cell wall biogenesis, the availability of different carbon sources will result in cell walls with variations in rigidity, adhesion, and surface hydrophobicity. In addition to the biofilm formation of the fungi, the carbon source also influences whether the fungi grow in yeast- or mycelial-form. Both forms play different roles in C. albicans’s infection process. A better understanding of the role of the carbon sources in C. albicans’s pathogenicity would contribute to more effective treatment solutions for fungal infections.

Carbon utilization profiles of Fusarium virguliforme isolates

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tang ◽  
C.B. Hill ◽  
G.L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Fusarium Virguliforme ◽  
Carbon Utilization Profiles

Fusarium virguliforme is the cause of sudden death syndrome in soybean. Physiological variability among isolates of the fungus is unknown. One way to measure physiologic variability is to analyze growth on different carbon sources. The carbon source utilization profiles of 18 F. virguliforme isolates were examined using the Biolog FF 96-well microplate, which contains 95 different carbon sources. The utilization of dextrin, d-mannitol, maltotriose, d-lactic acid methyl ester, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, salicin, d-trehalose, and l-alanine differed significantly among isolates (P = 0.05). Carbon sources were grouped into 3 clusters based on their ability to promote growth of F. virguliforme, after calculating Euclidean distances among them. About 12% of the carbon sources promoted a high amount of mycelial growth, 39% promoted a medium amount of growth, and 49% promoted a low amount of mycelial growth; the latter was not significantly different from the water blank control. A hierarchical tree diagram was produced for the 18 isolates based on their carbon source utilization profiles using Ward’s hierarchical analysis method. Two main clusters of isolates were formed. One cluster represented greater average mycelial growth on all of the carbon sources than the other cluster. In this study, variability in carbon source utilization among F. virguliforme isolates was evident, but the results were not associated with geographic origin of the isolates, year collected, or published data on aggressiveness. Additional research is needed to determine if these carbon utilization profiles are associated with other biological characteristics, like spore germination, propagule formation, and saprophytic competitiveness.

scholarly journals N-Acetylglucosamine Utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Based on Expression of Candida albicans NAG Genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (18) ◽  
pp. 5840-5845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Wendland ◽  
Yvonne Schaub ◽  
Andrea Walther
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Catabolic Pathway ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Kinase A

ABSTRACT Synthesis of chitin de novo from glucose involves a linear pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several of the pathway genes, including GNA1, are essential. Genes for chitin catabolism are absent in S. cerevisiae. Therefore, S. cerevisiae cannot use chitin as a carbon source. Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose and consists of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties. Here, we have generated S. cerevisiae strains that are able to use GlcNAc as a carbon source by expressing four Candida albicans genes (NAG3 or its NAG4 paralog, NAG5, NAG2, and NAG1) encoding a GlcNAc permease, a GlcNAc kinase, a GlcNAc-6-phosphate deacetylase, and a glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase, respectively. Expression of NAG3 and NAG5 or NAG4 and NAG5 in S. cerevisiae resulted in strains in which the otherwise-essential ScGNA1 could be deleted. These strains required the presence of GlcNAc in the medium, indicating that uptake of GlcNAc and its phosphorylation were achieved. Expression of all four NAG genes produced strains that could use GlcNAc as the sole carbon source for growth. Utilization of a GlcNAc catabolic pathway for bioethanol production using these strains was tested. However, fermentation was slow and yielded only minor amounts of ethanol (approximately 3.0 g/liter), suggesting that fructose-6-phosphate produced from GlcNAc under these conditions is largely consumed to maintain cellular functions and promote growth. Our results present the first step toward tapping a novel, renewable carbon source for biofuel production.

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