scholarly journals Survival and Germination of Bacillus clausii UBBC07 Spores in in vitro Human Gastrointestinal Tract Simulation Model and Evaluation of Clausin Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayesh J. Ahire ◽  
Megha S. Kashikar ◽  
Ratna Sudha Madempudi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacillus Clausii

In vitro Gastrointestinal Models for Prebiotic Carbohydrates: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (32) ◽  
pp. 3478-3483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Brush Border ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Existing Data

Background: In the last decade, various consortia and companies have created standardized digestion protocols and gastrointestinal simulators, such as the protocol proposed by the INFOGEST Consortium, the simulator SHIME, the simulator simgi®, the TIM, etc. Most of them claim to simulate the entire human gastrointestinal tract. However, few results have been reported on the use of these systems with potential prebiotic carbohydrates. Methods: This critical review addresses the existing data on the analysis of prebiotic carbohydrates by different in vitro gastrointestinal simulators, the lack of parameters that could affect the results, and recommendations for their enhancement. Results: According to the reviewed data, there is a lack of a realistic approximation of the small intestinal conditions, mainly because of the absence of hydrolytic conditions, such as the presence of small intestinal brush border carbohydrases that can affect the digestibility of different carbohydrates, including prebiotics. Conclusion: There is a necessity to standardize and enhance the small intestine simulators to study the in vitro digestibility of carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Microplastics as Vectors of Chromium and Lead during Dynamic Simulation of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4792
Author(s):  
Verónica Godoy ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Férez ◽  
María Ángeles Martín-Lara ◽  
José Antonio Vellido-Pérez ◽  
Mónica Calero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

The human body is exposed to the ingestion of microplastics that are often contaminated with other substances, which can be released into our body. In this work, a dynamic in-vitro simulator of the gastrointestinal tract based on a membrane reactor has been used for the first time to study the release, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) from polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics previously contaminated in the laboratory. The results showed that 23.11% of the initial Cr and 23.17% of the initial Pb present in microplastics were able to cross the tubular membrane, simulating the intestinal absorption phase. The pH evolution during the gastric phase and the duodenal phase, the interaction mechanisms with physiological fluids, and the properties of the polymers, such as specific surface, porosity, and/or surface degradation, affected the kinetics of release from the microplastics and the behavior of both heavy metals. Cr was released very early in the gastric phase, but also began simultaneously to precipitate quite fast, while Pb was released slower and in less quantity than Cr, and did not precipitate until the beginning of the duodenal phase. This study shows, for the first time, how useful the dynamic gastrointestinal simulator is to study the behavior of microplastics and some problematic heavy metals along the human gastrointestinal tract, and can serve as a reference for future studies focused on the effects of these substances in the human body.

scholarly journals Motor responses of human gastrointestinal tract to 5-hydroxytryptamine in vivo and in vitro

Gut ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Misiewicz ◽  
S. L. Waller ◽  
M. Eisner
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Motor Responses

scholarly journals Potential Role of Epithelial Cell-Derived Histone H1 Proteins in Innate Antimicrobial Defense in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3255-3263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. A. J. Rose ◽  
K. Bailey ◽  
J. W. Keyte ◽  
W. C. Chan ◽  
D. Greenwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Colonic Lumen

ABSTRACT In the human gastrointestinal tract, microorganisms are present in large numbers in the colon but are sparse in the proximal small intestine. In this study, we have shown that acid extracts of fresh human terminal ileal mucosal samples mediate antimicrobial activity. Following cation-exchange chromatography, one of the eluted fractions demonstrated antibacterial activity against bacteria normally resident in the human colonic lumen. This activity was further fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified as histone H1 and its fragments. We have also shown that in tissue sections, immunoreactive histone H1 is present in the cytoplasm of villus epithelial cells. In vitro culturing of detached (from the basement membrane) villus epithelial cells led to the release of antimicrobial histone H1 proteins, while the cells demonstrated ultrastructural features of programmed cell death. Our studies suggest that cytoplasmic histone H1 may provide protection against penetration by microorganisms into villus epithelial cells. Moreover, intestinal epithelial cells released into the lumen may mediate antimicrobial activity by releasing histone H1 proteins and their fragments.

Emulating Host-Microbiome Ecosystem of Human Gastrointestinal Tract in Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gun-Seok Park ◽  
Min Hee Park ◽  
Woojung Shin ◽  
Connie Zhao ◽  
Sameer Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract

Studying the host-microbiota interaction in the human gastrointestinal tract: basic concepts and in vitro approaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Marzorati ◽  
Pieter Van den Abbeele ◽  
Sam Possemiers ◽  
Jessica Benner ◽  
Willy Verstraete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Basic Concepts

scholarly journals In VitroCulture Conditions for Maintaining a Complex Population of Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong Nam Kim ◽  
Carl E. Cerniglia
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

A stable intestinal microbiota is important in maintaining human physiology and health. Although there have been a number of studies usingin vitroandin vivoapproaches to determine the impact of diet and xenobiotics on intestinal microbiota, there is no consensus for the bestin vitroculture conditions for growth of the human gastrointestinal microbiota. To investigate the dynamics and activities of intestinal microbiota, it is important for the culture conditions to support the growth of a wide range of intestinal bacteria and maintain a complex microbial community representative of the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we compared the bacterial community in three culture media: brain heart infusion broth and high- and low-carbohydrate medium with different growth supplements. The bacterial community was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), pyrosequencing and real-time PCR. Based on the molecular analysis, this study indicated that the 3% fecal inoculum in low-concentration carbohydrate medium with 1% autoclaved fecal supernatant provided enhanced growth conditions to conductin vitrostudies representative of the human intestinal microbiota.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document