scholarly journals Extracellular Polymeric Substances Acting as a Permeable Barrier Hinder the Lateral Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Hu ◽  
Fuxing Kang ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Chao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Lateral Transfer ◽  
Permeable Barrier

scholarly journals The Evolution of Class 1 Integrons and the Rise of Antibiotic Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (14) ◽  
pp. 5095-5100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gillings ◽  
Yan Boucher ◽  
Maurizio Labbate ◽  
Andrew Holmes ◽  
Samyuktha Krishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Lateral Transfer ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Food Chain ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Phylogenetic Signature

ABSTRACT Class 1 integrons are central players in the worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance, because they can capture and express diverse resistance genes. In addition, they are often embedded in promiscuous plasmids and transposons, facilitating their lateral transfer into a wide range of pathogens. Understanding the origin of these elements is important for the practical control of antibiotic resistance and for exploring how lateral gene transfer can seriously impact on, and be impacted by, human activities. We now show that class 1 integrons can be found on the chromosomes of nonpathogenic soil and freshwater Betaproteobacteria. Here they exhibit structural and sequence diversity, an absence of antibiotic resistance genes, and a phylogenetic signature of lateral transfer. Some examples are almost identical to the core of the class 1 integrons now found in pathogens, leading us to conclude that environmental Betaproteobacteria were the original source of these genetic elements. Because these elements appear to be readily mobilized, their lateral transfer into human commensals and pathogens was inevitable, especially given that Betaproteobacteria carrying class 1 integrons are common in natural environments that intersect with the human food chain. The strong selection pressure imposed by the human use of antimicrobial compounds then ensured their fixation and global spread into new species.

Plasmid binding to metal oxide nanoparticles inhibited lateral transfer of antibiotic resistance genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1310-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Hu ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Chao Qin ◽  
Xue Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Lateral Transfer ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Aggregates or adducts of MONPs and plasmids are blocked out by cells, resulting in the inhibition of lateral plasmid-mediated ARG transfer.

Quintuplex PCR to Detect Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navindra Kumari Palanisamy ◽  
Parasakthi Navaratnam ◽  
Shamala Devi Sekaran
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Penicillin Binding Proteins ◽  
Efflux Mechanism ◽  
Mic Value

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important bacterial pathogen, causing respiratory infection. Penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae is associated with alterations in the penicillin binding proteins, while resistance to macrolides is conferred either by the modification of the ribosomal target site or efflux mechanism. This study aimed to characterize S. pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance genes using 2 sets of multiplex PCRs. Methods: A quintuplex and triplex PCR was used to characterize the pbp1A, ermB, gyrA, ply, and the mefE genes. Fifty-eight penicillin sensitive strains (PSSP), 36 penicillin intermediate strains (PISP) and 26 penicillin resistance strains (PRSP) were used. Results: Alteration in pbp1A was only observed in PISP and PRSP strains, while PCR amplification of the ermB or mefE was observed only in strains with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. The assay was found to be sensitive as simulated blood cultures showed the lowest level of detection to be 10cfu. Conclusions: As predicted, the assay was able to differentiate penicillin susceptible from the non-susceptible strains based on the detection of the pbp1A gene, which correlated with the MIC value of the strains.

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