scholarly journals Ammonium Nitrogen Tolerant Chlorella Strain Screening and Its Damaging Effects on Photosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Jiao Zhan ◽  
Chenliu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Strain Screening ◽  
Damaging Effects

RELEASE OF NUTRIENTS FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN IN 2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Masaki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Osaka Bay ◽  
The Core ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Sea Area

Osaka Bay is the most polluted enclosed sea area, in which is located the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. There are four kinds of sources on loadings of nutrients to Osaka Bay, which are land including rivers and industrial effluents beside coast, ocean sea water, release from bottom sediment to sea water, and wet and dry deposition from air. The pollutant loadings inflowing from the land to Osaka Bay have been cut by various policies since 1970’s. The concentrations of nutrients in the inner part of Osaka Bay have showed an obvious decreasing tendency. However, the water quality in offshore sea has not satisfied the environmental standard on nutrients. We investigated the amount of nutrients released from bottom sediments. The core samples were taken at two stations in the inner part of Osaka Bay once a month from February to November, 2015. The core incubation experiment in laboratory was conducted for 24 hours according to Tada et.al. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) were measured by an automatic analyzer. The flux showed similar range with the values investigated in 1986. The results suggested that the flux of nutrients from bottom sediments in the inner part of Osaka Bay has not decreased during summer season at least since 1985. Therefore, the contribution of release from bottom sediment on the nutrients budget would relatively become larger in inner part of Osaka Bay.

In vitro Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Analysis of Ten Tannery Chemicals Using SOS/umu Tests and High-content In vitro Micronucleus Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehao Huang ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kaifeng Rao ◽  
Cuiting Liu ◽  
Zijian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Qsar Analysis ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Damaging Effects

Background: More than 2,000 chemicals have been used in the tannery industry. Although some tannery chemicals have been reported to have harmful effects on both human health and the environment, only a few have been subjected to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluations. Objective: This study focused on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ten tannery chemicals widely used in China. Materials and Methods: DNA-damaging effects were measured using the SOS/umu test with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002. Chromosome-damaging and cytotoxic effects were determined with the high-content in vitro Micronucleus test (MN test) using the human-derived cell lines MGC-803 and A549. Conclusion: The cytotoxicity of the ten tannery chemicals differed somewhat between the two cell assays, with A549 cells being more sensitive than MGC-803 cells. None of the chemicals induced DNA damage before metabolism, but one was found to have DNA-damaging effects on metabolism. Four of the chemicals, DY64, SB1, DB71 and RR120, were found to have chromosome-damaging effects. A Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis indicated that one structural feature favouring chemical genotoxicity, Hacceptor-path3-Hacceptor, may contribute to the chromosome-damaging effects of the four MN-test-positive chemicals.

Structure Investigations of Agonists of the Natural Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine, IV [1]. X-Ray Structure Analyses of Trimethylpentylammonium-chloride and (4-Acetoxybutyl) trimethylammonium-iodide

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 618-626
Author(s):  
Alfred Gieren ◽  
Michail Kokkinidis
Keyword(s):  
Structure Refinement ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Carbonyl Oxygen ◽  
Type B ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Investigations ◽  
Automatic Diffractometer

The crystal structures of the title compounds which display cholinergic activity at the ganglionic receptor have been determined by X-ray structure analysis. [(CH3)3N+C5H11]Cl- (1) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbnm with half a formula unit per asymmetric unit, a = 11.381(14). b = 12.871(17), c = 7.316(4) Å. The intensities of 1106 independent reflections were collected with an automatic diffractometer. The structure refinement converged at R = 0.133 for the 355 observed reflections. The cation of 1 is disordered. [(CH3)3N + (CH2)4-O-C(O)-CH3]I- (2) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with four formula units per unit cell, a = 16.783(8), b = 10.276(6), c = 7.427(10) Å. The intensities of 1469 independent reflections were collected. The structure refinement converged at R = 0.071 for 1383 observed reflections. In both compounds the trimethylammonio methyl groups are coordinated nearly tetrahedrally by four anions in the first coordination sphere. Anions which occupy a special face type (B) of the tetrahedron of the (CH3)3N+ -CH2-group may be treated as a “model binding site” of the receptor. In the crystal structure of 2 the anions occupying B-type faces form together with the ammonium nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen so called “Activity triangles”. The almost equal geometries of these activity triangles are correlated with the mode of pharmacological action.

Movement of Ammonium Nitrogen in Soils

1957 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Ray ◽  
J. M. MacGregor ◽  
E. L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrogen

scholarly journals Microbiome of Seven Full-Scale Anaerobic Digestion Plants in South Korea: Effect of Feedstock and Operational Parameters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Michal Sposob ◽  
Hee-Sung Moon ◽  
Dongjin Lee ◽  
Yeo-Myeong Yun
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Secondary Sludge ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Total Ammonium

In this study, the microbiomes linked with the operational parameters in seven mesophilic full-scale AD plants mainly treating food waste (four plants) and sewage sludge (three plants) were analyzed. The results obtained indicated lower diversity and evenness of the microbial population in sludge digestion (SD) plants compared to food digestion (FD) plants. Candidatus Accumulibacter dominated (up to 42.1%) in SD plants due to microbial immigration from fed secondary sludge (up to 89%). Its potential activity in SD plants was correlated to H2 production, which was related to the dominance of hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanococcus). In FD plants, a balance between the hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic pathways was found, while Flavobacterium and Levilinea played an important role during acidogenesis. Levilinea also expressed sensitivity to ammonia in FD plants. The substantial differences in hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), and total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) among the studied FD plants did not influence the archaeal methane production pathway. In addition, the bacterial genera responsible for acetate production through syntrophy and homoacetogenesis (Smithella, Treponema) were present in all the plants studied.

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