scholarly journals A Histological Study of Aspergillus flavus Colonization of Wound Inoculated Maize Kernels of Resistant and Susceptible Maize Hybrids in the Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Windham ◽  
William P. Williams ◽  
J. E. Mylroie ◽  
Cedric X. Reid ◽  
Erika D. Womack
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Kernels

Wax and Cutin Layers in Maize Kernels Associated with Resistance to Aflatoxin Production by Aspergillus flavus

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAO Z. GUO ◽  
JOHN S. RUSSIN ◽  
THOMAS E. CLEVELAND ◽  
ROBERT L. BROWN ◽  
NEIL W. WIDSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Maize Kernel ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Aflatoxin Accumulation ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Susceptible Group

Thirteen maize hybrids and one maize population, MAS:gk, were screened for susceptibility to aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Marked differences in aflatoxin B1 production were detected among the maize genotypes tested. Most commercial hybrids consistently supported high levels of aflatoxin accumulation. Aflatoxin levels did not differ between intact and wounded kernels of these genotypes. However, different results were obtained from 4 of the 13 hybrids and the maize population MAS:gk. Levels of aflatoxin accumulation in intact kernels of these genotypes were lower than in the previous susceptible group of genotypes. In addition, aflatoxin levels were higher in wounded than in intact kernels. MAS:gk not only supported the lowest levels of aflatoxin production in intact kernels, but aflatoxin levels in endosperm-wounded kernels also were significantly lower in MAS:gk than in wounded kernels of all tested hybrids. Treatment with KOH to remove cutin from intact kernels prior to inoculation with A. flavus effected substantial increases in aflatoxin accumulation in MAS:gk, but only marginal increases in the susceptible hybrid Pioneer 3154. Removing wax from the surface of MAS:gk kernels greatly increased the susceptibility of this genotype to aflatoxin accumulation. When wax removal was combined with treatment with potassium hydroxide (KOH) or purified cutinase, aflatoxin levels in kernels were equal to those in wounded control kernels in both genotypes. These results indicated that wax and cutin layers of maize kernel pericarps may play a role in resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in MAS:gk and some other genotypes. However, results suggest further that resistance in MAS:gk also may be due to other preformed compounds as well.

scholarly journals Aspergillus flavus infection induces transcriptional and physical changes in developing maize kernels

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Dolezal ◽  
Xiaomei Shu ◽  
Gregory R. OBrian ◽  
Dahlia M. Nielsen ◽  
Charles P. Woloshuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Co-inoculation of aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus to study fungal invasion, colonization, and competition in maize kernels

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Hruska ◽  
Kanniah Rajasekaran ◽  
Haibo Yao ◽  
Russell Kincaid ◽  
Dawn Darlington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Invasion ◽  
Maize Kernels

Changes in the quality of maize hybrids in various agricultural management systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Győri ◽  
P. Sipos ◽  
Á. Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Chemical Contents

Changes in the chemical contents of the kernels of maize hybrids were analysed in three consecutive years (one dry, one arid and one wet) in samples originating from irrigation and fertilisation experiments. The results indicated that while irrigation and wet years had a protein-decreasing effect, the water supply did not influence the starch and oil contents. Under the influence of fertilization, the calcium and zinc contents of maize kernels decreased to varying degrees depending on the hybrid, while the sulphur contents changed parallel to the protein contents. Based on these data and on the use of more modern measuring equipment, tables giving recommendations for chemical contents should be revised.

Living Maize Embryo Influences Accumulation of Aflatoxin in Maize Kernels

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 967-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. BROWN ◽  
PETER J. COTTY ◽  
THOMAS E. CLEVELAND ◽  
NEIL W. WIDSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Maize Embryo ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Two Populations

Kernels from two maize populations, MAS:gk and MAS:pw,nf, showed significant postharvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination by Aspergillus flavus but showed no significant inter-population variation for this resistance. Growth of A. flavus on both populations was significantly less than on susceptible control lines. Kernels from the resistant populations retained resistance when wounded through the pericarp prior to inoculation with A. flavus, despite the fact that the exposed endosperm supported good fungal growth. Kernels from these populations also retained resistance when they were acetone washed before inoculation. Resistance to aflatoxin contamination was lost in kernels that were autoclaved, crushed, or embryo wounded. All assays were incubated under conditions favorable to kernel germination. Results suggest that postharvest resistance to aflatoxin contamination in these two populations is related to metabolic activities of the living com embryo.

Structure of an Aspergillus flavus population from maize kernels in northern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mauro ◽  
Paola Battilani ◽  
Kenneth A. Callicott ◽  
Paola Giorni ◽  
Amedeo Pietri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Maize Kernels
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