scholarly journals Comparative Histological and Transcriptional Analysis of Maize Kernels Infected with Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Shu ◽  
David P. Livingston ◽  
Charles P. Woloshuk ◽  
Gary A. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus Co-Occurrence Influences Plant and Fungal Transcriptional Profiles in Maize Kernels and In Vitro

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lanubile ◽  
Paola Giorni ◽  
Terenzio Bertuzzi ◽  
Adriano Marocco ◽  
Paola Battilani
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Maize Kernels

Climate change will increase the co-occurrence of Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus, along with their mycotoxins, in European maize. In this study, the expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and four mycotoxin biosynthetic genes, FUM1 and FUM13, fumonisin pathway, and aflR and aflD, aflatoxin pathway, as well as mycotoxin production, were examined in kernels and in artificial medium after a single inoculation with F. verticillioides or A. flavus or with the two fungi in combination. Different temperature regimes (20, 25 and 30 °C) over a time-course of 21 days were also considered. In maize kernels, PR genes showed the strongest induction at 25 °C in the earlier days post inoculation (dpi)with both fungi inoculated singularly. A similar behaviour was maintained with fungi co-occurrence, but with enhanced defence response at 9 dpi under 20 °C. Regarding FUM genes, in the kernels inoculated with F. verticillioides the maximal transcript levels occurred at 6 dpi at 25 °C. At this temperature regime, expression values decreased with the co-occurrence of A. flavus, where the highest gene induction was detected at 20 °C. Similar results were observed in fungi grown in vitro, whilst A. flavus presence determined lower levels of expression along the entire time-course. As concerns afl genes, considering both A. flavus alone and in combination, the most elevated transcript accumulation occurred at 30 °C during all time-course both in infected kernels and in fungi grown in vitro. Regarding mycotoxin production, no significant differences were found among temperatures for kernel contamination, whereas in vitro the highest production was registered at 25 °C for aflatoxin B1 and at 20 °C for fumonisins in the case of single inoculation. In fungal co-occurrence, both mycotoxins resulted reduced at all the temperatures considered compared to the amount produced with single inoculation.

scholarly journals Deteriorative changes in maize kernels due to Aspergillus flavus Link. and Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Francis Collins MUGA ◽  
Tilahun Seyoum WORKNEH ◽  
Moses Okoth MARENYA
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Maize Kernels ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

<p>The study aimed at measuring changes in chemical composition of maize kernels due to <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> Link. and <em>Fusarium verticillioides</em> (Sacc.) Nirenberg infection. The samples of maize kernels were incubated at 28 °C for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The samples were analysed for mycotoxin, moisture, crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fibre. Maize kernels inoculated with <em>A. flavus</em> and <em>F. verticillioides</em> exhibited a significant decrease in crude fat. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination increased in maize kernels inoculated with <em>A. flavus</em>, and fumonisin B1 (FB1) in kernels inoculated with <em>F. verticillioides</em>. Crude ash and crude fibre content showed no changes. Incubation time significantly affected AFB1 and FB1 contamination levels, moisture, crude fat, and crude protein contents. AFB1 and FB1 contamination were significantly correlated with crude fat degradation. The tested strains had similar deteriorative effects on maize kernels. The significant changes in the proximate composition were only observed in maize kernels with mycotoxin contamination above the regulatory limit of 10 µg kg−1, thus not fit for human consumption.</p>

Transcriptional changes in developing maize kernels in response to fumonisin-producing and nonproducing strains of Fusarium verticillioides

Plant Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lanubile ◽  
Antonio Logrieco ◽  
Paola Battilani ◽  
Robert H. Proctor ◽  
Adriano Marocco
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Maize Kernels

scholarly journals Antifungal activities of thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones against mycotoxigenic fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojane de Oliveira Paiva ◽  
Lucimar Ferreira Kneipp ◽  
Carla Marins Goular ◽  
Mariana Almeida Albuquerque ◽  
Aurea Echevarria
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Chelating Effect

Mycotoxigenic fungi can compromise the quality of food, exposing human and animal health at risk. The antifungal activity of eight thiosemicarbazones (1-8) and nine semicarbazones (9-17) was evaluated against Aspergillus flavus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus and Fusarium verticillioides. Thiosemicarbazones had MIC values of 125-500 µg/ml. The thiosemicarbazones 1 and 2 exerted fungistatic activity against Aspergillus spp., and thiosemicarbazone 2 exerted fungicidal activity against F. verticillioides. Compound 2 showed an iron chelating effect of 63%. The ergosterol content of A. parasiticus had a decrease of 28 and 71% for the 31.2 and 62.5 µg/ml concentrations of thiosemicarbazone 2 compared to the control. The obtained results of antifungal activity revealed that thiosemicarbazone class was more active when compared to semicarbazone class and, the thiosemicarbazone 2 was the most active compound, specially, against Aspergillus spp.

scholarly journals Aspergillus flavus infection induces transcriptional and physical changes in developing maize kernels

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Dolezal ◽  
Xiaomei Shu ◽  
Gregory R. OBrian ◽  
Dahlia M. Nielsen ◽  
Charles P. Woloshuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Maize Kernels

The pericarp and its surface wax layer in maize kernels as resistance factors to fumonisin accumulation by Fusarium verticillioides

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Sampietro ◽  
M.A. Vattuone ◽  
D.A. Presello ◽  
C.M. Fauguel ◽  
C.A.N. Catalán
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Maize Kernels
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