scholarly journals Illumina Sequencing Approach to Characterize Thiamine Metabolism Related Bacteria and the Impacts of Thiamine Supplementation on Ruminal Microbiota in Dairy Cows Fed High-Grain Diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Pan ◽  
Fuguang Xue ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
Zhiwen Tang ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Illumina Sequencing ◽  
Thiamine Metabolism ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

scholarly journals Illumina sequencing analysis of the ruminal microbiota in high-yield and low-yield lactating dairy cows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0198225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Tong ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Delian Yang ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
Benhai Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Illumina Sequencing ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

Weekly excretion of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Hélène V Petit
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Flaxseed meal (FM) is rich in the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) which is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone (EL) by ruminal microbiota. Feeding FM to dairy cows increases linearly EL concentration in milk but enterodiol is not detected. The objectives of the study were to determine the length of time to obtain peak EL concentration in the milk of dairy cows fed 20% FM and the length of time to return to EL baseline level in milk when cows are switched from high to low intake of flax SDG. A total of 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to one of two feeding regimens: the control (CO) diet was fed for 6 weeks or the FM diet was fed from week 0 to 3 inclusive and then cows were switched to the control diet from week 3 to 6 inclusive. Milk samples were taken weekly for EL analysis. There was a significant interaction between feeding regimen and week for milk concentration of EL as a result of higher concentration of EL from week 1 to 3 for cows on the FM regimen compared with those on the CO regimen. Concentrations of milk EL on the FM regimen maintained uniform high levels from week 1 to 3 and they decreased significantly from week 3 to 4 when the CO diet was reintroduced in week 3. This study suggests that the conversion of SDG to the mammalian lignan EL and the transfer of EL to the mammary gland are well established after one week of feeding 20% FM in the diet of dairy cows and that milk concentration of EL returns to baseline level after one week of FM deprivation.

scholarly journals A Review of Lignan Metabolism, Milk Enterolactone Concentration, and Antioxidant Status of Dairy Cows Fed Flaxseed

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Brito ◽  
Yu Zang
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health It ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

Lignans are polyphenolic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities, therefore, there is an increasing interest in promoting the inclusion of lignan-rich foods in humans’ diets. Flaxseed is the richest source of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside—a compound found in the outer fibrous-containing layers of flax. The rumen appears to be the major site for the conversion of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside to the enterolignans enterodiol and enterolactone, but only enterolactone has been detected in milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed products (whole seeds, hulls, meal). However, there is limited information regarding the ruminal microbiota species involved in the metabolism of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Likewise, little is known about how dietary manipulation such as varying the nonstructural carbohydrate profile of rations affects milk enterolactone in dairy cows. Our review covers the gastrointestinal tract metabolism of lignans in humans and animals and presents an in-depth assessment of research that have investigated the impacts of flaxseed products on milk enterolactone concentration and animal health. It also addresses the pharmacokinetics of enterolactone consumed through milk, which may have implications to ruminants and humans’ health.

1384 Effects of Peptein supplementation on ruminal microbiota and feed digestibility in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 669-669
Author(s):  
A. Arís ◽  
J. Polo ◽  
C. Rodriguez ◽  
A. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

scholarly journals Taxon abundance, diversity, co-occurrence and network analysis of the ruminal microbiota in response to dietary changes in dairy cows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0180260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Tapio ◽  
Daniel Fischer ◽  
Lucia Blasco ◽  
Miika Tapio ◽  
R. John Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

scholarly journals Ruminal metabolism of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) lignans to the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its concentration in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk of dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Daniele da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Chaouki Benchaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Flax Oil ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is the main flax (Linum usitatissimum) lignan that is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL) by gastrointestinal microbiota. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of ruminal microbiota and the effects of flax oil onin vivometabolism of flax lignans and concentration of EL in biological fluids. Four rumen-cannulated dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four periods of 21 d each and four treatments utilising flax hulls (1800 g/d) and oil (400 g/d) supplements. The treatments were: (1) oil and hulls administered in the rumen and abomasal infusion of water; (2) oil and hulls administered in the abomasum; (3) oil infused in the abomasum and hulls placed in the rumen; (4) oil placed in the rumen and hulls administered in the abomasum. Samples were collected during the last week of each period and subjected to chemical analysis. The site of supplementation of oil and hulls had no effect on ruminal EL concentration. Supplementing flax oil in the rumen and the abomasum led to similar EL concentrations in urine, plasma and milk. Concentrations of EL were higher in the urine, plasma and milk of cows supplemented with hulls in the rumen than in those placed with hulls in the abomasum. The present study demonstrated that ruminal microbiota play an important role in the metabolism of flax lignans.

scholarly journals The Ruminal Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations Associated with Diet-Induced Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Zeng ◽  
Changzheng Guo ◽  
Daming Sun ◽  
Hossam-eldin Seddik ◽  
Shengyong Mao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Highly Correlated

Milk fat depression (MFD) syndrome represents a significant drawback to the dairy industry. The aim of this study was to unravel the ruminal metabolome-microbiome interaction in response to diet-induced MFD in dairy cows. Twelve healthy second parity Holstein dairy cows (days in milk (DIM) = 119 ± 14) were randomly assigned into control (CON, n = 6) group and treatment (TR, n = 6) group. Cows in TR group received a high-starch total mixed ration (TMR) designed to induce an MFD syndrome. Decreased milk fat yield and concentration in TR cows displayed the successful development of MFD syndrome. TR diet increased the relative abundance of Prevotella and decreased the relative abundance of unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Oribacterium, unclassified Veillonellaceae and Pseudobutyrivibrio in ruminal fluid. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the ruminal fluid content of glucose, amino acids and amines were significantly increased in TR cows compared with CON cows. Correlation analysis revealed that the concentration of amines and amino acids were highly correlated with the abundance of Oribacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, RC9_gut_group, unclassified BS11_gut_group and Selenomonas. In general, these findings revealed that TR diet reduced the rumination time and altered rumen fermentation type, which led to changes in the composition of ruminal microbiota and metabolites, and caused MFD.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and dairy production: the example of flax

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (spe) ◽  
pp. 352-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène V. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Plant Lignans

This manuscript reports on the main problems decreasing productivity of dairy cows (e.g. fatty liver syndrome and poor fertility) and how antioxidants could enhance it. High producing dairy cows are prone to oxidative stress, and the situation can be exacerbated under certain environmental, physiological, and dietary conditions. Antioxidants have important effects on the expression of genes involved in the antioxidant status, which may enhance animal health and reproduction. Moreover, antioxidants may contribute to decrease the incidence of spontaneous oxidized flavour in milk enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plant lignans are strong antioxidants and flax is the richest source of plant lignans. Flax lignans are converted in the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol. The main mammalian lignan in milk is enterolactone and flax lignans are converted in enterolactone mainly under the action of ruminal microbiota. Therefore, ruminal microbiota may be the most important flora to target for plant lignan metabolism in order to increase concentration of mammalian lignan antioxidants in milk of dairy cows. However, more research is required to improve our knowledge on metabolism of other antioxidants in dairy cows and how they can contribute in decreasing milk oxidation.

scholarly journals The Rumen Bacterial Community in Dairy Cows Is Correlated to Production Traits During Freshening Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Shoukun Ji ◽  
Garret Suen ◽  
Feiran Wang ◽  
Shengli Li
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Ruminal Bacteria ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Lactation Cycle

The rumen microbiome plays a vital role in providing nutrition to the host animal, thereby influencing ruminant production. Despite its importance, it is not fully understood how variation in the ruminal bacteria community composition influences dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and ruminal fermentative parameters in dairy cows, especially during freshening period. Here, we hypothesized that during early lactation, high DMI cows having a different ruminal microbiota than low DMI cows, and that this difference persists over time. To test this, we enrolled 65 fresh and determinzed their DMI using an auto-feed intake recording system. Fourteen days after calving, the 10 animals with the lowest (LFI) and the 10 animals with the highest (HFI)-average DMI were selected for further analysis. Rumen fluid was collected from these two cohorts at 1 (Fresh1d) and 14 days (Fresh14d) after calving and their ruminal microbiota were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were also quantified. Comparison of the ruminal microbiotas between Fresh1d and Fresh14d showed that Fresh14d cows had a significantly higher relative abundance of VFA—producing microbes (P < 0.05), such as Prevotella_7 and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001. This was commensurate with the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate and total VFAs, were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased in Fresh14d cows. We also found that the differences in the ruminal microbiota between LFI and HFI cows was limited, but DMI significantly altered (P < 0.05) the relative proportion of bacteria in the families Coriobacteriaceae, and Succinivibrionaceae. Furthermore, specific operational taxonomic units belonging to the Anaeroplasma was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with DMI and milk yield. Taking together, our findings provide a framework for future studies of freshening period cow that seek to better understand the role of the ruminal microbiota during this critical period in the lactation cycle.

scholarly journals Effects of abomasal infusion of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil on microbial β-glucuronidase activity and concentration of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk of dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Daniele da Silva-Kazama ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Chaouki Benchaar ◽  
Geraldo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Flax Oil ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Glucuronidase Activity ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Plant Lignans

Ruminal microbiota plays an important role in the conversion of plant lignans into mammalian lignans. The main mammalian lignan present in the milk of dairy cows fed flax products is enterolactone (EL). The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of abomasal infusion of flax oil on the metabolism of flax lignans and concentrations of EL in biological fluids of dairy cows. A total of six rumen-cannulated dairy cows were assigned within a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of six treatments utilising flax hulls (0 and 15·9 % of DM) and abomasal infusion of flax oil (0, 250 and 500 g/d). There were six periods of 21 d each. Samples were collected during the last 7 d of each period and subjected to chemical analysis. Flax hull supplementation increased concentrations of EL in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk, while flax oil infusion had no effect. Post-feeding, β-glucuronidase activity in the ruminal fluid of cows infused with 250 g flax oil was significantly lower for cows fed hulls than for those fed the control diet. The present study demonstrated that the presence of a rich source of n-3 fatty acids such as flax oil in the small intestine does not interfere with the absorption of the mammalian lignan EL and that lower ruminal β-glucuronidase activity had no effect on the conversion of flax lignans into EL in the rumen of dairy cows.

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