scholarly journals Grand Challenge in Plant Virology: Understanding the Impact of Plant Viruses in Model Plants, in Agricultural Crops, and in Complex Ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Sanfaçon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Grand Challenge ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Plant Virology ◽  
The Impact

WAYS TO MINIMIZE YIELD RISKS BASED ON THE DIVERSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION IN FARMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Dilmurod Baymirzaev ◽  
◽  
Nazira Khoshimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the issues of minimizing yield risks based on the diversification of production in farms. Crop yield risks in farms are described and quantified. The factors affecting the yield were analyzed. The correlation between the yield of agricultural crops, such as cotton and wheat, is determined and grouped. Proposals have been developed to minimize the impact of risks on farms.

scholarly journals First Report of Apricot vein clearing-associated virus (AVCaV) infecting Prunus domestica revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing in Morocco

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Tahzima ◽  
Radouane Qessaoui ◽  
Yoika Foucart ◽  
Sebastian Massart ◽  
Kris De Jonghe
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Replicase Gene ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
The Impact

Plum (Prunus domestica L., Rosaceae) trees, like many stone fruit trees, are known to be infected by numerous plant viruses, predominantly as consequence of their clonal mode of propagation and perennial cultivation (Jelkmann and Eastwell, 2011). Apricot vein clearing-associated virus (AVCaV) is a member of the genus Prunevirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. AVCaV was first reported in Italy infecting apricot (P. armeniaca L.) associated with foliar vein clearing symptoms (Elbeaino et al. 2014). It has also been detected in various Prunus species, like plum, Japanese plum (P. salicina L.), sour cherry (P. cerasus L.), and Japanese apricot (P. mume L.), apricot and peach (P. persica L.) sourced from Asian and European countries (Marais et al. 2015), as well as in the ornamental Myrobolan plum (P. cerasifera L.) in Australia (Kinoti et al. 2017). In 2018, during the vegetative season, a survey was carried out in two different apricot and plum orchards in the southern region of Agdez (Agadir, Morocco) where stone fruit trees are grown. Five branches with leaves were sampled from three apricot and three plum trees of unknown cultivars, all asymptomatic. Total RNA was extracted from 100 mg plant tissue (leaves and cambial scrapping) using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and separate samples (one per species) were used for library preparation (NEBNext Ultra RNA library kit; New England BioLabs, MA, USA), and sequencing (Illumina NextSeq v2, totRNA sequencing) at Admera Health (New Jersey, USA). All generated reads (6,756,881) from the plum sample were quality filtered and submitted to the VirusDetect pipeline (Zheng et al., 2017). The plum cDNA library, a total of 20 viral contigs (68-1928 bp) mapped to several AVCaV accessions in GenBank. A reference mapping (CLC Genomics Workbench 12, Qiagen, Denmark) was conducted against all four available AVCaV full genomes (KM507062-63, KY132099 and HG008921), revealing 100% coverage of the full sequence (8358 nt) with 97-98 % nucleotide (nt) identities (BLASTn). Analysis of the derived sequences allowed to identify the location of the four predicted ORFs i.e. (ORF1: 6066 nt/2,021 aa), (ORF2: 1383 nt/460 aa), (ORF3: 666 nt/221 aa) and (ORF4: 420 nt/139 aa), previously described for the AVCaV genome (Elbeaino et al. 2014). The amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins of AVCaV isolate from Morocco also shared 97-98% identities with the corresponding sequences of complete genome AVCaV isolates in GenBank. To confirm the detection of AVCaV in the three plum samples, specific RT-PCR primers (VC37657s: 5’-CCATAGCCACCCTTTTTCAA-3’ / VC28239a: 5’-GTCGTCAAGGGTCCAGTGAT-3’) (Elbeaino et al. 2014) were used and the expected 330 bp fragment from the replicase gene was amplified in all three samples and subsequently sequenced (MT980794-96). Sanger sequences were 100% identical to corresponding HTS derived sequence. This is the first report of AVCaV infecting plum in Africa. The incidence of AVCaV in Moroccan Prunus species is unknown. Plum trees from the surveyed orchards were also confirmed to be co-infected with little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) using HTS. Further investigation is required to determine the impact of AVCaV on these asymptomatic plum trees and other stone fruits species.

scholarly journals Invasive Scots Pine, Pinus sylvestris, Replacing Corema, Corema conradii, Heathland in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Susan Carbyn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
The Impact

Examination of air photos from 1930, 1970 and 2002 revealed stands of the European Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) invading remnants of natural Corema (Corema conradii) heathland in the Annapolis valley. To document the impact of the introduced pines, four natural habitats were compared with two adjacent habitats already invaded by the pines. All surveyed habitats had been dominated by Corema heath based on air photos taken in 1930. Twenty 1 m2 quadrats were used to record presence and cover of vascular plants at each site. The invasive alien pines reduce the native cover to 12%. Vascular plant biodiversity is reduced to less than 42% and the cover of the heathland dominant, Corema conradii, is reduced from over 100 % to less than 2%. with Deschampsia flexuosa becoming the dominant species. The modified ecosystem and loss of biodiversity has economic impacts through loss of pollinators of agricultural crops and loss of germplasm of native crop relatives.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TECHNOGENIC EMISSIONS OF THE AGMZ ON THE ECOLOGICAL TOXICOLOGICAL STATE OF THE AGROECOSYSTEMS OF THE DEBET RIVER BASIN, RA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
S. A. Hunanyan ◽  
T. A. Jhangiryan ◽  
A. L. Mkrtchyan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Upon the investigations the contamination rate of soil and vegetation cover of the basin at river Debed and the impact of technogenesis on the agro-chemical properties of soil and yield capacity of agricultural crops has been identified. It has been found out that the content of heavy metal forms exceeds that of the control one by the following figures: Cu-in 47,5 and 31,8; Pb-32,9 and 36,1; Mo-35,9 and 23,8; Zn-9,5 and 19,1; Co-5,1 and 5,9; Cd25,5 and 23,1 times. The humus content has decreased in 1,2-2,7 times, that of the total and mobile nitrogen has decreased in 1,1-2,17 and 1,4-2,6 times, phosphorus content in 1,0-1,87 and 1,08-2,74 times, potassium content in 1,0-1,38 and 1,13-2,06 times. The environmental reaction has turned from the neutral and poorly alkaline into poorly acidic and acidic one. The amount of HM in the soil and plants has exceeded the MAC (maximum allowable concentration) and the yield capacity of agricultural crops has fallen down by 7,5-29 %.

Hosts and non-hosts in plant virology and the effects of plant viruses on host plants

2014 ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Takács ◽  
József Horváth ◽  
Richard Gáborjányi ◽  
Gabriella Kazinczi ◽  
József Mikulás
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Virology

The Role of Viruses in the Phytobiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Schoelz ◽  
Lucy R. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

Viruses are an important but sequence-diverse and often understudied component of the phytobiome. We succinctly review current information on how plant viruses directly affect plant health and physiology and consequently have the capacity to modulate plant interactions with their biotic and abiotic environments. Virus interactions with other biota in the phytobiome, including arthropods, fungi, and nematodes, may also impact plant health. For example, viruses interact with and modulate the interface between plants and insects. This has been extensively studied for insect-vectored plant viruses, some of which also infect their vectors. Other viruses have been shown to alter the impacts of plant-interacting phytopathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi and bacteria. Viruses that infect nematodes have also recently been discovered, but the impact of these and phage infecting soil bacteria on plant health remain largely unexplored.

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