scholarly journals Correlation of rpoB Mutations with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Rifampin and Rifabutin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an HIV/AIDS Endemic Setting, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Rukasha ◽  
Halima M. Said ◽  
Shaheed V. Omar ◽  
Hendrik Koornhof ◽  
Andries W. Dreyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Endemic Setting ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Is the current dose of a conventional oxytetracycline formulation adequate for the management of infections in sheep?

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Snyman ◽  
V. Naidoo ◽  
C. De Bruin ◽  
G.E. Swan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modelling ◽  
Conventional Dose ◽  
Dependent Activity

In the veterinary industry, short-acting or conventional oxytetracycline formulations are recommended for use once a day for 4 days, at a dose of 10 mg / kg. With the large degree of antimicrobial resistance reported, the efficacy of this dose was assessed using pharmacodynamic modelling. The specific parameters evaluated were based on the time-dependent activity of the tetracycline class of antimicrobials according to the total time above minimal inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) and the ratio of the total exposure in 24 hours, represented by area under the curve (AUC24), to the minimal inhibitory concentration (AUC24 : MIC). The current pharmacokinetic study examined whether the prevailing antimicrobial resistance could be overcome by doubling the recommended conventional dose. Using reported MIC data for South Africa and elsewhere, modelling indicated the presence of a large degree of resistance. In general, doubling the dose only overcame resistance of 2 bacterial species in South Africa.

Tuberkulose – Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Behandlung

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Daniel Sagebiel
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Verzögerte Diagnose ◽  
Diagnose Und Therapie ◽  
Hiv Aids

<span class="fett">Allgemeine Problemstellung:</span> Die Tuberkulose (TB) ist neben HIV/AIDS und Malaria die weltweit häufigste Infektionskrankheit. Etwa ein Drittel der Weltbevölkerung ist mit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infiziert, wobei 5–10 % der Betroffenen im Laufe ihres Lebens eine TB entwickeln. TB ist global weiter auf dem Vormarsch und bei HIV-Infizierten die Todesursache Nummer eins. Alle 15 Sekunden stirbt ein Mensch an TB und über 95 % der neuen TB-Fälle treten in Entwicklungsländern auf. </p><p> <span class="fett">Aktuelle Relevanz:</span> Bei abnehmender Erkrankungshäufigkeit in Deutschland und in vergleichbaren Industrieländern begegnet die Tuberkulose dem praktizierenden Mediziner hierzulande zunehmend seltener. So wurden im Jahr 2005 insgesamt nur noch 6.057 Tuberkuloseerkrankungen an das Robert-Koch-Institut (RKI) gemeldet (Robert-Koch-Institut, 2006).1995 waren in Deutschland noch doppelt so viele (n= 12.198) und 1985 dreimal so viele (n=20.074) Menschen erkrankt (WHO, 2006a). </p><p> <span class="fett">Schlussfolgerungen:</span> Als Folge mangelnder Erfahrung wird im klinischen Alltag häufig erst spät an eine TB gedacht. Die dadurch verzögerte Diagnose und Therapie gefährdet den Therapieerfolg und kann somit zu einer Zunahme von Mortalität und Transmission führen.

Buffering Secondary Trauma During HIV/AIDS Outreach in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryanne N. Williams ◽  
Anita McGruder-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Secondary Trauma ◽  
Hiv Aids

Nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - MIC) của một số loại kháng sinh đến vi khuẩn phân lập được từ cá dìa thương phẩm mắc bệnh lở loét (Siganus guttatus, Bloch, 1787)

2015 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lê Văn Bảo Duy ◽  
Dương Thị Thủy ◽  
Nguyễn Ngọc Phước ◽  
Trương Thị Hoa ◽  
Nguyễn Đức Quỳnh Anh
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Tubiashii

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm xác định nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - MIC) của một số loại kháng sinh đến vi khuẩn phân lập được từ cá dìa thương phẩm mắc bệnh lở loét (Siganus guttatus). Từ kết quả phân lập định danh cho thấy 2 chủng Vibrio parahaemolyticus VPMP22 và Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19109 có mặt trên các vết lở loét ở cá dìa thương phẩm. Kết quả thử nghiệm MIC cho thấy các loại kháng sinh Cefuroxim, Cefotaxim, Tetracycline, Erythromicin, Rifamicin có nồng độ ức chế vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus VPMP22 tốt nhất dưới 0.21 µg/ml. Các kháng sinh có Cefuroxim, Cefotaxim, Oxytetraciline, Erythromicin, Trimethoprim nồng độ ức chế vi khuẩn Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19109 tốt nhất dưới 1.25 µg/ml. Penicillin có nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu cao nhất đối với cả 2 chủng vi khuẩn trên (80 µg/ml), cho thấy 2 chủng vi khuẩn trên đã có sự kháng thuốc đối với loại kháng sinh này. Do đó, trong phòng trị bệnh lở loét trên cá dìa nên sử dụng Cefuroxim và Cefotaxim để có hiệu quả cao nhất trong phòng trị bệnh.

New Groups of Potential Antituberculotics: Bis(1-aryltetrazol-5-yl) Disulfides. Structure Activity Relationship

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Waisser ◽  
Jiří Kuneš ◽  
Alexandr Hrabálek ◽  
Želmíra Odlerová
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Active Derivative ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
Substituent Constants ◽  
Atypical Strains

Oxidation of 1-aryltetrazole-5-thiols afforded bis(1-aryltetrazol-5-yl) disulfides. The compounds were tested for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. avium and M. fortuitum. In the case of M. tuberculosis, the logarithm of minimum inhibitory concentration showed a parabolic dependence on hydrophobic substituent constants. Although the compounds exhibited low to medium activity, the most active derivative, bis(4-chlorophenyltetrazol-5-yl) disulfide (III) was more effective against atypical strains than are the commercial tuberculostatics used as standards.

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