scholarly journals Red Seaweeds Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii and Chondrus crispus down Regulate Virulence Factors of Salmonella Enteritidis and Induce Immune Responses in Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Kulshreshtha ◽  
Tudor Borza ◽  
Bruce Rathgeber ◽  
Glenn S. Stratton ◽  
Nikhil A. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Red Seaweeds

scholarly journals Feed Supplementation with Red Seaweeds, Chondrus crispus and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, Reduce Salmonella Enteritidis in Laying Hens

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Kulshreshtha ◽  
Bruce Rathgeber ◽  
Janice MacIsaac ◽  
Martine Boulianne ◽  
Lehoux Brigitte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Red Seaweeds

scholarly journals A Novel Line Immunoassay Based on Recombinant Virulence Factors Enables Highly Specific and Sensitive Serologic Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1703-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Formichella ◽  
Laura Romberg ◽  
Christian Bolz ◽  
Michael Vieth ◽  
Michael Geppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Type I ◽  
Serologic Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pyloricolonizes half of the world's population, and infection can lead to ulcers, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Serology is the only test applicable for large-scale, population-based screening, but current tests are hampered by a lack of sensitivity and/or specificity. Also, no serologic test allows the differentiation of type I and type II strains, which is important for predicting the clinical outcome.H. pylorivirulence factors have been associated with disease, but direct assessment of virulence factors requires invasive methods to obtain gastric biopsy specimens. Our work aimed at the development of a highly sensitive and specific, noninvasive serologic test to detect immune responses to importantH. pylorivirulence factors. This line immunoassay system (recomLine) is based on recombinant proteins. For this assay, six highly immunogenic virulence factors (CagA, VacA, GroEL, gGT, HcpC, and UreA) were expressed inEscherichia coli, purified, and immobilized to nitrocellulose membranes to detect serological immune responses in patient's sera. For the validation of the line assay, a cohort of 500 patients was screened, of which 290 (58.0%) wereH. pylorinegative and 210 (42.0%) were positive by histology. The assay showed sensitivity and specificity of 97.6% and 96.2%, respectively, compared to histology. In direct comparison to lysate blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), therecomLine assay had increased discriminatory power. For the assessment of individual risk for gastrointestinal disease, the test must be validated in a larger and defined patient cohort. Taking the data together, therecomLine assay provides a valuable tool for the diagnosis ofH. pyloriinfection.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CHEMICALLY INACTIVATED SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS VACCINE IN CHICKENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Mounir M El-safty ◽  
Hala Mahmoud ◽  
Eman Sa Zaki ◽  
Howaida I Abd-alla
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cell Envelopes

  Objective: Salmonella enteritidis ghosts (SEGs) is a non-living empty bacterial cell envelopes which were generated using a different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 6.4 mg/mL and evaluated as a vaccine candidate in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. SEGs have been produced by chemical-mediated lysis and evaluated the potential efficacy of chemically induced SEG vaccine and its ability to induce protective immune responses against virulent S. enteritidis challenge in SPF chickens.Methods: SPF chickens were divided into three groups: Group A (non-vaccinated control), Group B (vaccinated with prepared vaccine), and Group C (vaccinated with commercial vaccine).Results: Vaccination of SPF chicken with SEGs induced higher immune responses before and after virulent challenge. SPF chicken vaccinated with SEGs showed increasing in serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies. During the vaccination period, Groups B and C showed higher serum antibody titer compared to Group A. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NaOH was capable of inducing non-living SEGs, and it has successfully generated non-living SEGs by MIC of NaOH.Conclusion: It is a one-step process which means easy manufacturing and low production cost compared to protein E-mediated lysis method. Chemically induced SEG vaccine is a highly effective method for inducing protective immunity. This study strongly suggests that SEGs will be a permissive vaccine, as the method of inhibition of S. enteritidis was safe and cheaper than other methods, and it gave a good protection.

scholarly journals Box C/D Small Nucleolar Ribonucleoproteins Regulate Mitochondrial Surveillance and Innate Immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elissa Tjahjono ◽  
Alexey V. Revtovich ◽  
Natalia V. Kirienko
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Switch ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions ◽  
Protective Genes ◽  
Retrograde Response

AbstractMonitoring of mitochondrial functions is crucial for organismal survival. This task is performed by mitochondrial surveillance or quality control pathways, which are activated by signals originating from mitochondria and relayed to the nucleus (retrograde response) to start the transcription of protective genes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, several systems exist, including the UPRmt, MAPKmt, and the ESRE pathway. These pathways are highly conserved and their loss results in compromised survival following mitochondrial stress.In this study, we found a novel interaction between the box C/D snoRNA core proteins (snoRNPs) and mitochondrial surveillance and innate immunity pathways. We showed that C/D snoRNPs are required for the full expressions of UPRmt and ESRE upon stress. Meanwhile, we found that the loss of C/D snoRNPs increased immune responses. Understanding the “molecular switch” mechanisms of interplay between these pathways may be important for understanding of multifactorial processes, including response to infection or aging.

Chondrus crispus – A Present and Historical Model Organism for Red Seaweeds

2014 ◽  
pp. 53-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Collén ◽  
M. Lynn Cornish ◽  
James Craigie ◽  
Elizabeth Ficko-Blean ◽  
Cécile Hervé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Organism ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Historical Model

scholarly journals Immunological Pathways Triggered byPorphyromonas gingivalisandFusobacterium nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kívia Queiroz de Andrade ◽  
Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva ◽  
Robson Coutinho-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Survival Studies

Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) andFusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide.P. gingivalisandF. nucleatumpossess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host’s immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved in the induction of periodontitis. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its effector molecules (IL-1βand caspase-1) play roles in the development of periodontitis. We and others have reported that the purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a role in the modulation of periodontal disease and intracellular pathogen control. Caspase-4/5 (in humans) and caspase-11 (in mice) are important effectors for combating bacterial pathogens via mediation of cell death and IL-1βrelease. The exact molecular events of the host’s response to these bacteria are not fully understood. Here, we review innate and adaptive immune responses induced byP. gingivalisandF. nucleatuminfections and discuss the possibility of manipulations of the immune response as therapeutic strategies. Given the global burden of periodontitis, it is important to develop therapeutic targets for the prophylaxis of periodontopathogen infections.

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans saposin-like spp-9 is involved in specific innate immune responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Bhoomi Madhu ◽  
Mohammed Farhan Lakdawala ◽  
Neethu G. Issac ◽  
Tina L. Gumienny
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses

scholarly journals Peptidoglycan derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus MLGA up-regulates the expression of chicken β-defensin 9 without triggering an inflammatory response

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-745
Author(s):  
Juan Huang ◽  
Junhui Li ◽  
Qiufen Li ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Nianhua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Defensins are critical components of the innate immune system and play an important role in the integration of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although information on the immunomodulatory properties of peptidoglycan from bacteria is abundant, little is known about the β-defensin induction effect of peptidoglycan from the probiotic Lactobacillus. This study investigated the effect of intact peptidoglycan from L. rhamnosus MLGA on the induction of avian β-defensin 9 in chicken immune cells and intestinal explants. Peptidoglycan from Lactobacillus rhamnosus MLGA dose dependently promoted avian β-defensin 9 mRNA expression in chicken PBMCs, splenocytes, thymocytes, hepatocytes, and chicken embryo jejunum, ileum, and cecum explants and increased the capacity of PBMC or splenocyte lysates to inhibit the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis. In contrast to the effect of L. rhamnosus MLGA-derived peptidoglycan, peptidoglycan derived from pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus reduced avian β-defensin 9 mRNA expression in chicken PBMCs and splenocytes. The inducible effect of peptidoglycan from L. rhamnosus MLGA on avian β-defensin 9 expression in PBMCs and splenocytes was observed without activation of the expression of associated pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-12p40, whereas these cytokine expressions were suppressed by peptidoglycan hydrolysate obtained by lysozyme digestion. The results of the present study show the capability of peptidoglycan derived from L. rhamnosus MLGA to induce the antimicrobial peptide defensin while simultaneously avoiding the deleterious risks of an inflammatory response.

scholarly journals A Cultivated Form of a Red Seaweed (Chondrus crispus), Suppresses β-Amyloid-Induced Paralysis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Marine Drugs ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 6407-6424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatinder Sangha ◽  
Owen Wally ◽  
Arjun Banskota ◽  
Roumiana Stefanova ◽  
Jeff Hafting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Chondrus Crispus ◽  
Β Amyloid

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Selected, Cultivated Red Seaweeds and Their Components in Combination with Tetracycline, against Poultry Pathogen Salmonella Enteritidis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Garima Kulshreshtha ◽  
Alan Critchley ◽  
Bruce Rathgeber ◽  
Glenn Stratton ◽  
Arjun H. Banskota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Prophylactic Use

Poultry and its products are an economical source of high-quality protein for human consumption. In animal agriculture, antibiotics are used as therapeutic agents to treat disease in livestock, or as prophylactics to prevent disease and in so doing enhance production. However, the extensive use of antibiotics in livestock husbandry has come at the cost of increasingly drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. This highlights an urgent need to find effective alternatives to be used to treat infections, particularly in poultry and especially caused by drug-resistant Salmonella strains. In this study, we describe the combined effect of extracts of the red seaweeds Chondrus crispus (CC) and Sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii (SG) and compounds isolated from these in combinations with industry standard antibiotics (i.e., tetracycline and streptomycin) against Salmonella Enteritidis. Streptomycin exhibited the higher antimicrobial activity against S. Enteritidis, as compared to tetracycline with a MIC25 and MIC50 of 1.00 and 1.63 μg/mL, respectively. The addition of a water extract of CC at a concentration of 200 µg/mL in addition to tetracycline significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity (log CFU/mL 4.7 and 4.5 at MIC25 and MIC50, respectively). SG water extract, at 400 and 800 µg/mL (p = 0.05, n = 9), also in combination with tetracycline, showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth. Combinations of floridoside (a purified red seaweed component) and tetracycline (MIC25 and MIC50) in vitro revealed that only the lower concentration (i.e., 15 μg/mL) of floridoside potentiated the activity of tetracycline. Sub-lethal concentrations of tetracycline (MIC50 and MIC25), in combination with floridoside, exhibited antimicrobial activities that were comparable to full-strength tetracycline (23 μg/mL). Furthermore, the relative transcript levels of efflux-related genes of S. Enteritidis, namely marA, arcB and ramA, were significantly repressed by the combined treatment of floridoside and tetracycline, as compared to control MIC treatments (MIC25 and MIC50). Taken together, these findings demonstrated that the red seaweeds CC and SG and their selected, purified components can be used to increase the lifetime of existing, patented antibiotics and can also help to reduce costly (economic and environmental) therapeutic and prophylactic use of antibiotics in poultry. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antibiotic potentiation of existing industry standard antibiotics using red seaweeds and their selected extracts against S. Enteritidis.

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