scholarly journals The Bacteriophage Carrier State of Campylobacter jejuni Features Changes in Host Non-coding RNAs and the Acquisition of New Host-derived CRISPR Spacer Sequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. T. Hooton ◽  
Kelly J. Brathwaite ◽  
Ian F. Connerton
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
New Host ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Alternative bacteriophage life cycles: the carrier state of Campylobacter jejuni

Open Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 130200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharin Siringan ◽  
Phillippa L. Connerton ◽  
Nicola J. Cummings ◽  
Ian F. Connerton
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
New Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycles ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
New Hosts

Members of the genus Campylobacter are frequently responsible for human enteric disease, often through consumption of contaminated poultry products. Bacteriophages are viruses that have the potential to control pathogenic bacteria, but understanding their complex life cycles is key to their successful exploitation. Treatment of Campylobacter jejuni biofilms with bacteriophages led to the discovery that phages had established a relationship with their hosts typical of the carrier state life cycle (CSLC), where bacteria and bacteriophages remain associated in equilibrium. Significant phenotypic changes include improved aerotolerance under nutrient-limited conditions that would confer an advantage to survive in extra-intestinal environments, but a lack in motility eliminated their ability to colonize chickens. Under these circumstances, phages can remain associated with a compatible host and continue to produce free virions to prospect for new hosts. Moreover, we demonstrate that CSLC host bacteria can act as expendable vehicles for the delivery of bacteriophages to new host bacteria within pre-colonized chickens. The CSLC represents an important phase in the ecology of Campylobacter bacteriophage.

scholarly journals Host adaption to the bacteriophage carrier state of Campylobacter jejuni

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Brathwaite ◽  
Patcharin Siringan ◽  
Phillippa L. Connerton ◽  
Ian F. Connerton
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Carrier State

scholarly journals Small non-coding RNA CjNC110 influences motility, autoagglutination, AI-2 localization, hydrogen peroxide sensitivity and chicken colonization in Campylobacter jejuni

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Kreuder ◽  
Brandon Ruddell ◽  
Kathy Mou ◽  
Alan Hassall ◽  
Qijing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Autoinducer 2 ◽  
Energy Taxis ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

ABSTRACTSmall non-coding RNAs are involved in many important physiological functions in pathogenic microorganisms. Previous studies have identified the presence of non-coding RNAs in the major zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, however, few have been functionally characterized to date. CjNC110 is a conserved ncRNA in C. jejuni, located downstream of the luxS gene which is responsible for the production of the quorum-sensing molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2). In this study, we utilized strand specific high-throughput RNAseq to identify potential targets or interactive partners of CjNC110 in a sheep abortion clone of C. jejuni. This data was then utilized to focus further phenotypic evaluation of the role of CjNC110 in motility, autoagglutination, quorum sensing, hydrogen peroxide sensitivity and chicken colonization in C. jejuni. Inactivation of the CjNC110 ncRNA led to a statistically significant decrease in autoagglutination ability as well as increased motility and hydrogen peroxide sensitivity when compared to wild-type. Extracellular AI-2 detection was decreased in ΔCjNC110, however, intracellular AI-2 accumulation was significantly increased, suggesting a key role of CjNC110 in modulating the transport of AI-2. Notably, ΔCjNC110 also showed a decreased ability to colonize chickens. Complementation of CjNC110 restored all phenotypic changes back to wild-type levels. The collective results of the phenotypic and transcriptomic changes observed in our data provide valuable insights into the pathobiology of C. jejuni sheep abortion clone and strongly suggest that CjNC110 plays an important role in regulation of energy taxis, flagellar glycosylation, cellular communication via quorum sensing, oxidative stress tolerance and chicken colonization in this important zoonotic pathogen.

scholarly journals Infant Mouse Model for the Study of Shedding and Transmission during Streptococcus pneumoniae Monoinfection

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 2714-2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ammar Zafar ◽  
Masamitsu Kono ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Tonia Zangari ◽  
Jeffrey N. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
New Host ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infant Mouse ◽  
Colonization Density ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization

One of the least understood aspects of the bacteriumStreptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) is its transmission from host to host, the critical first step in both the carrier state and the disease state. To date, transmission models have depended on influenza A virus coinfection, which greatly enhances pneumococcal shedding to levels that allow acquisition by a new host. Here, we describe an infant mouse model that can be utilized to study pneumococcal colonization, shedding, and transmission during bacterial monoinfection. Using this model, we demonstrated that the level of bacterial shedding is highest in pups infected intranasally at age 4 days and peaks over the first 4 days postchallenge. Shedding results differed among isolates of five different pneumococcal types. Colonization density was found to be a major factor in the level of pneumococcal shedding and required expression of capsule. Transmission within a litter occurred when there was a high ratio of colonized “index” pups to uncolonized “contact” pups. Transmission was observed for each of the well-colonizing pneumococcal isolates, with the rate of transmission proportional to the level of shedding. This model can be used to examine bacterial and host factors that contribute to pneumococcal transmission without the effects of viral coinfection.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA LNC_000641 regulates pseudorabies virus replication

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Fang ◽  
Yanni Gao ◽  
Xing Liu ◽  
Juan Bai ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
New Host ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new arm of gene regulatory mechanism as discovered by sequencing techniques and follow-up functional studies. The lncRNAs regulation of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection has rarely been reported so far. Using RNA sequencing analysis, 225 lncRNAs with significant altered expressions in 3D4/21 cells infected with PRV (ZJ01) were identified. Five lncRNAs upregulated in PRV-infected cells were verified in cells infected with different PRV strains by qRT-PCR. By down- and up-regulation of lnc641, the accelerating effect of lnc641 on PRV replication was confirmed. Furthermore, we found that lnc641 regulated PRV replication by inhibiting the JAK-STAT1 pathway. This study suggests that lnc641 could be a new host factor target for developing antiviral therapies against PRV infection.

Ultrastructure of periplasmic bodies in gram-negative bacteria

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
Xie Nianming ◽  
Ding Shaoqing ◽  
Wang Luping ◽  
Yuan Zenglin ◽  
Zhan Guolai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Periplasmic Space ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Brucella Canis

Perhaps the data about periplasmic enzymes are obtained through biochemical methods but lack of morphological description. We have proved the existence of periplasmic bodies by electron microscope and described their ultrastructures. We hope this report may draw the attention of biochemists and mrophologists to collaborate on researches in periplasmic enzymes or periplasmic bodies with each other.One or more independent bodies may be seen in the periplasmic space between outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, which we called periplasmic bodies. The periplasmic bodies have been found in seven species of bacteria at least, including the Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Shigella flexneri, Echerichia coli. Yersinia pestis, Campylobacter jejuni, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium tetani. Vibrio cholerae and Brucella canis.

Investigations into the antibacterial activities of herbal medicines against Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Cwikla ◽  
K Schmidt ◽  
A Matthias ◽  
KM Bone ◽  
RP Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Antibacterial Activities
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