scholarly journals Differential Expression of Keratinocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Mirnas Discriminate Exosomes From Apoptotic Bodies and Microvesicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uyen T.T. Than ◽  
Dominic Guanzon ◽  
James A. Broadbent ◽  
David I. Leavesley ◽  
Carlos Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies

scholarly journals A novel mechanism of generating extracellular vesicles during apoptosis via a beads-on-a-string membrane structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia K. Atkin-Smith ◽  
Rochelle Tixeira ◽  
Stephanie Paone ◽  
Suresh Mathivanan ◽  
Christine Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Membrane Protrusion ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
String Structure ◽  
New Type ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
String Membrane ◽  
Actomyosin Contraction

Abstract Disassembly of apoptotic cells into smaller fragments (a form of extracellular vesicle called apoptotic bodies) can facilitate removal of apoptotic debris and intercellular communication. However, the mechanism underpinning this process is unclear. While observing monocytes undergoing apoptosis by time-lapse microscopy, we discovered a new type of membrane protrusion that resembles a ‘beads-on-a-string’ structure. Strikingly, the ‘beads’ are frequently sheared off the ‘string’ to form apoptotic bodies. Generation of apoptotic bodies via this mechanism can facilitate a sorting process and results in the exclusion of nuclear contents from apoptotic bodies. Mechanistically, generation of ‘beads-on-a-string’ protrusion is controlled by the level of actomyosin contraction and apoptopodia formation. Furthermore, in an unbiased drug screen, we identified the ability of sertraline (an antidepressant) to block the formation of ‘beads-on-a-string’ protrusions and apoptotic bodies. These data uncover a new mechanism of apoptotic body formation in monocytes and also compounds that can modulate this process.

scholarly journals Plasma extracellular vesicle miRNAs as potential biomarkers of superstimulatory response in cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Gad ◽  
José María Sánchez ◽  
John A. Browne ◽  
Lucie Nemcova ◽  
Jozef Laurincik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mirna Abundance ◽  
Small Rnaseq

Abstract The ability to predict superstimulatory response would be a beneficial tool in assisted reproduction. Using small RNAseq technology, we profiled extracellular vesicle microRNA (EV-miRNA) abundance in the blood plasma of heifers exhibiting variable responses to superstimulation. Estrous synchronized crossbred beef heifers (n = 25) were superstimulated and blood samples were collected from each heifer on Day 7 of consecutive unstimulated (U) and superstimulated (S) cycles. A subset of high (H) and low (L) responders was selected depending on their response to superstimulation and EV-miRNA profiles were analysed at both time-points in each heifer. Approximately 200 known miRNAs were detected in each sample with 144 commonly detected in all samples. A total of 12 and 14 miRNAs were dysregulated in UH vs. UL and in SH vs. SL heifers, respectively. Interestingly, miR-206 and miR-6517 exhibited the same differential expression pattern in H compared to L heifers both before and after superstimulation. Pathway analysis indicated that circadian rhythm and signaling pathways were among the top pathways enriched with genes targeted by dysregulated miRNAs in H vs. L responding heifers. In conclusion, heifers with divergent ovarian responses exhibited differential expression of plasma EV-miRNAs which may be used as a potential biomarker to predict superstimulation response.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Cargo Loading, and Release

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel A. Alli
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Endosomal Membranes ◽  
Vesicle Biogenesis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers of various biomolecules including bioactive enzymes, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. EVs are classified into three main types based on their size, biogenesis, and cargo. Exosomes originate from endosomal membranes and are the smallest type of EV. Microvesicles (MVs) or microparticles are larger in size, and like apoptotic bodies which represent the largest type of EVs, both of these vesicles originate from outward budding of the plasma membrane. As discussed in this chapter, cargo loading of EVs and their release into the extracellular space where they can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells plays an important role in physiology and pathophysiology. This chapter will outline specific mechanisms involved in the loading and enrichment of miRNAs, proteins, and lipids within EVs. As explained here, various external and biological stimuli play a role in EV release. Finally, recent studies have shown that the biogenesis, cargo loading, and release of EVs are governed by circadian rhythms. Although EVs were once thought to serve as garbage disposals of cells, the numerous roles they serve in physiology and pathophysiology are now being appreciated.

scholarly journals Differential detergent sensitivity of extracellular vesicle subpopulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (38) ◽  
pp. 9775-9782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Osteikoetxea ◽  
Barbara Sódar ◽  
Andrea Németh ◽  
Katalin Szabó-Taylor ◽  
Krisztina Pálóczi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
First Time

This work shows for the first time that exosomes are more resistant to detergents than microvesicles and apoptotic bodies.

scholarly journals Differential expression of serum extracellular vesicle microRNAs and analysis of target-gene pathways in major depressive disorder

2022 ◽  
pp. 100049
Author(s):  
Nagiua Cuomo-Haymour ◽  
Stefan Kaiser ◽  
Matthias Hartmann-Riemer ◽  
Karoline Guetter ◽  
Federica Klaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Major Depressive

Differential expression of ASS1 in serous and non-serous ovarian carcinomas

2014 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Joo Cheon ◽  
Ann E. Walts ◽  
Jessica A. Beach ◽  
Jenny Lester ◽  
John S. Bomalaski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Ovarian Carcinomas
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