scholarly journals A novel mechanism of generating extracellular vesicles during apoptosis via a beads-on-a-string membrane structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia K. Atkin-Smith ◽  
Rochelle Tixeira ◽  
Stephanie Paone ◽  
Suresh Mathivanan ◽  
Christine Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Drug Screen ◽  
Membrane Protrusion ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
String Structure ◽  
New Type ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
String Membrane ◽  
Actomyosin Contraction

Abstract Disassembly of apoptotic cells into smaller fragments (a form of extracellular vesicle called apoptotic bodies) can facilitate removal of apoptotic debris and intercellular communication. However, the mechanism underpinning this process is unclear. While observing monocytes undergoing apoptosis by time-lapse microscopy, we discovered a new type of membrane protrusion that resembles a ‘beads-on-a-string’ structure. Strikingly, the ‘beads’ are frequently sheared off the ‘string’ to form apoptotic bodies. Generation of apoptotic bodies via this mechanism can facilitate a sorting process and results in the exclusion of nuclear contents from apoptotic bodies. Mechanistically, generation of ‘beads-on-a-string’ protrusion is controlled by the level of actomyosin contraction and apoptopodia formation. Furthermore, in an unbiased drug screen, we identified the ability of sertraline (an antidepressant) to block the formation of ‘beads-on-a-string’ protrusions and apoptotic bodies. These data uncover a new mechanism of apoptotic body formation in monocytes and also compounds that can modulate this process.

Dynamic Characteristics of a New Space Beam String Structure with Outer Truss Torus

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 1960-1963
Author(s):  
Yun Long Yao ◽  
Guang Ying Ma ◽  
Shi Lin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Lanczos Method ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Structure System ◽  
System A ◽  
Wind Vibration ◽  
String Structure ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Space ◽  
Block Lanczos Method

The large-span space beam string-structure system is a kind of economic and larger spanning spatial structure system. A new type of space beam-string-structure with outer truss torus is introduced. Sunflower-patterned space beam-string-structure was taken as an example and its dynamic characteristics under full-span load and half-span load were analyzed by block Lanczos method. The efect of prestress level and load level on dynamic behavior of the structure was studied. The results are valuable for the dynamic response research on the earthquakes and wind vibration and will provide a reference for a further design and project application of such structure.

Shape Determination of a New Double Inner and Outer Latticed Shell String Structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 744-747
Author(s):  
Guang Ying Ma ◽  
Yun Long Yao ◽  
Yu Meng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Space Structure ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
String Structure ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
New Type ◽  
Shape Determination

Double inner and outer latticed shell string structure is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a numerical algorithm was introduced and some suggestions for improvement were put forward. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Keratinocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Mirnas Discriminate Exosomes From Apoptotic Bodies and Microvesicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uyen T.T. Than ◽  
Dominic Guanzon ◽  
James A. Broadbent ◽  
David I. Leavesley ◽  
Carlos Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies

The Application of New Type Fiber to the Sports Equipment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1055 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
De Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Breathable Fabric ◽  
New Type ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper aims to promote the development and application of new fiber material with its products to the field of sports products, from the physical and chemical properties of fiber, as well as producing process, finishing and sorting process and so on. Since each kind of new textile fiber material has been widely used, such as carbon fiber, Outlast fiber, aramid fiber, moisture absorption perspiration functional fiber, negative ion function fiber, which is popular with customers. Moreover, fiber fabrics such as: waterproof and breathable fabric, low resistance movement fabric, ultra high strength fabrics in sports is also introduced in this paper.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Cargo Loading, and Release

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel A. Alli
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Endosomal Membranes ◽  
Vesicle Biogenesis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are carriers of various biomolecules including bioactive enzymes, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. EVs are classified into three main types based on their size, biogenesis, and cargo. Exosomes originate from endosomal membranes and are the smallest type of EV. Microvesicles (MVs) or microparticles are larger in size, and like apoptotic bodies which represent the largest type of EVs, both of these vesicles originate from outward budding of the plasma membrane. As discussed in this chapter, cargo loading of EVs and their release into the extracellular space where they can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells plays an important role in physiology and pathophysiology. This chapter will outline specific mechanisms involved in the loading and enrichment of miRNAs, proteins, and lipids within EVs. As explained here, various external and biological stimuli play a role in EV release. Finally, recent studies have shown that the biogenesis, cargo loading, and release of EVs are governed by circadian rhythms. Although EVs were once thought to serve as garbage disposals of cells, the numerous roles they serve in physiology and pathophysiology are now being appreciated.

Study on the Effect of Prestress to the Dynamic Characteristics of Truss String Structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2571-2575
Author(s):  
Yao Zhi Luo ◽  
Ruo Fei Tong
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Modal Parameters ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
String Structure ◽  
New Type ◽  
Testing Experiment ◽  
Affect Factor

Truss string structure (TSS) is a new type of large-span space structure which is composed of upper spatial truss and bottom high-strength cables with vertical supports. For certain upper truss, the main affect factor of dynamic characteristics of a TSS are prestress of the cables, pole number, rise-span ratio and vertical span ratio. In modal parameters, modal frequencies is the most direct and easily observed parameter, which largely reflects the stiffness of the structure and plays an important role in the dynamic response of the structure. In this paper, the mode testing experiment and finite element analysis is executed, to study the changes of the lower modal frequencies in different prestressed cables and to study the influence of the prestress to the dynamic properties of TSS.

Cross-presentation by dendritic cells from live cells induces protective immune responses in vivo

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. 4412-4420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Matheoud ◽  
Leila Perié ◽  
Guillaume Hoeffel ◽  
Lene Vimeux ◽  
Isabelle Parent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Cross Presentation ◽  
New Type

Abstract Cross-presentation is an essential mechanism that allows dendritic cells (DCs) to efficiently present exogenous antigens to CD8+ T cells. Among cellular antigen sources, apoptotic cells are commonly considered as the best for cross-presentation by DCs. However, the potential of live cells as a source of antigen has been overlooked. Here we explored whether DCs were able to capture and cross-present antigens from live cells. DCs internalized cytosolic and membrane material into vesicles from metabolically labeled live cells. Using time-lapse confocal microscopy in whole spleens, we showed that DCs internalized material from live cells in vivo. After ovalbumin uptake from live cells, DCs cross-primed ovalbumin-specific naive OT-I CD8+ T cells in vitro. Injected into mice previously transferred with naive OT-I T cells, they also cross-primed in vivo, even in the absence of endogenous DCs able to present the epitope in the recipient mice. Interestingly, DCs induced stronger natural CD8+ T-cell responses and protection against a lethal tumor challenge after capture of antigens from live melanoma cells than from apoptotic melanoma cells. The potential for cross-presentation from live cells uncovers a new type of cellular intercommunication and must be taken into account for induction of tolerance or immunity against self, tumors, grafts, or pathogens.

Seismic imaging beyond depth migration

Geophysics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1895-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Berkhout ◽  
D. J. Verschuur
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Imaging ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Depth Migration ◽  
New Type ◽  
Complex Propagation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Focus Point

If seismic imaging is formulated in terms of two focusing steps—focusing in emission and focusing in detection (or vice versa)—the output of the first focusing step yields a new type of seismic gather, the common‐focus‐point (CFP) gather, which is available for data analysis and information extraction. One important consequence of this novel option is that the involved focusing operators can be updated without updating the underlying velocity model. Introducing the concept of “dynamic focusing,” it is proposed to verify the validity of focusing operators by comparing the “gather of focus‐point responses” with the “gather of focusing operators.” Compared with velocity‐driven time and depth migration, operator‐driven CFP migration can be considered as the most general approach to seismic imaging: it does not require a velocity model, and it automatically takes into account unknown complex propagation effects such as conversion, anisotropy, and dispersion. In addition, in CFP migration, the second focusing step can be extended to produce both angle‐averaged reflection information and angle‐dependent reflection information. The CFP approach to seismic migration allows new solutions in the situation of complex near‐surface layers, subsalt targets, multicomponent processing, and time lapse analysis.

Disscussions on Shape Determination of a New Space Beam-String-Structure with Outer Truss Torus

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 993-996
Author(s):  
Yun Long Yao ◽  
Guang Ying Ma
Keyword(s):  
Space Structure ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
String Structure ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
New Type ◽  
New Space ◽  
Simplified Calculation ◽  
Curve Equation

Space beam-string-structure with outer truss torus is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a simplified calculation method for initial prestress of ribbed grid space beam string structure were proposed when the cable curve equation was determined. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.

Shape Determination of a New Double Inner and Outer Latticed Shell String Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 256-259 ◽  
pp. 762-765
Author(s):  
Guang Ying Ma ◽  
Yun Long Yao ◽  
Yu Meng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Space Structure ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
String Structure ◽  
Roofing Material ◽  
New Type ◽  
Shape Determination

Double inner and outer latticed shell string structure is a new type of space structure. The new structural system is to reduce the space occupied by roof structure and could be laid by the rigid roofing material conveniently. Based on the local analysis method and the whole system balance, a numerical algorithm was introduced and some suggestions for improvement were put forward. An example was investigated and the results confirmed the feasibility of the proposed method.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document