scholarly journals Predicting Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memory by Individual Differences in E-Learning Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fellman ◽  
Alisa Lincke ◽  
Elias Berge ◽  
Bert Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
E Learning

scholarly journals Novel-word learning, executive control and working memory: A bilingual advantage

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 763-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEESHA A. WARMINGTON ◽  
SWATHI KANDRU-POTHINENI ◽  
GRAHAM J. HITCH
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Independent Replication ◽  
Novel Word Learning ◽  
Almost All

Studies of the effects of bilingualism on cognition have given results that do not consistently replicate, reflecting at least in part wide differences in criteria for bilingualism and heterogeneity of language combinations within studied samples. We examined the bilingual advantage in attention, working memory and novel-word learning in early sequential Hindi–English bilinguals. We sought to clarify the aspects of cognition that benefit from bilingualism by using multiple measures and a sample sufficiently well-defined to permit independent replication. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on response inhibition, novel-word learning and almost all working memory tasks. In contrast, both groups performed comparably on selective attention. Analyses of individual differences showed that bilingual novel-word learning was related to their verbal working memory and ability to inhibit an ongoing action, whereas this was not the case for monolinguals. Results indicate a specific bilingual advantage that is confined to some but not all aspects of cognition.

scholarly journals The electrophysiological underpinnings of variation in verbal working memory capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri G. Pavlov ◽  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Average Complexity ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Working memory (WM) consists of short-term storage and executive components. We studied cortical oscillatory correlates of these two components in a large sample of 156 participants to assess separately the contribution of them to individual differences in WM. The participants were presented with WM tasks of above-average complexity. Some of the tasks required only storage in WM, others required storage and mental manipulations. Our data indicate a close relationship between frontal midline theta, central beta activity and the executive components of WM. The oscillatory counterparts of the executive components were associated with individual differences in verbal WM performance. In contrast, alpha activity was not related to the individual differences. The results demonstrate that executive components of WM, rather than short-term storage capacity, play the decisive role in individual WM capacity limits.

Visuo-spatial and verbal working memory in the five-disc Tower of London task: An individual differences approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Gilhooly ◽  
V. Wynn ◽  
L.H. Phillips ◽  
R.H. Logie ◽  
S. Della Sala
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Tower Of London

The influence of olfactory-induced negative emotion on verbal working memory: Individual differences in neurobehavioral findings

2007 ◽  
Vol 1152 ◽  
pp. 158-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Habel ◽  
Kathrin Koch ◽  
Katharina Pauly ◽  
Thilo Kellermann ◽  
Martina Reske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Verbal Working Memory

Individual differences in the scope of speech planning: evidence from eye-movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN SWETS ◽  
MATTHEW E. JACOVINA ◽  
RICHARD J. GERRIG
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Speech Planning ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Initial Object

abstractPrevious research has demonstrated that the scope of speakers’ planning in language production varies in response to external forces such as time pressure. This susceptibility to external pressures indicates a flexibly incremental production system: speakers plan utterances piece by piece, but external pressures affect the size of the pieces speakers buffer. In the current study, we explore internal constraints on speech planning. Specifically, we examine whether individual differences in working memory predict the scope and efficiency of advance planning. In our task, speakers described picture arrays to partners in a matching game. The arrays sometimes required speakers to note a contrast between a sentence-initial object (e.g., a four-legged cat) and a sentence-final object (e.g., a three-legged cat). Based on prior screening, we selected participants who differed on verbal working memory span. Eye-movement measures revealed that high-span speakers were more likely to gaze at the contrasting pictures prior to articulation than were low-span speakers. As a result, high-span speakers were also more likely to reference the contrast early in speech. We conclude that working memory plays a substantial role in the flexibility of incremental speech planning.

scholarly journals Polish Listening SPAN: A new tool for measuring verbal working memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zychowicz ◽  
Adriana Biedroń ◽  
Mirosław Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Factors Influencing

Individual differences in second language acquisition (SLA) encompass differences in working memory capacity, which is believed to be one of the most crucial factors influencing language learning. However, in Poland research on the role of working memory in SLA is scarce due to a lack of proper Polish instruments for measuring this construct. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the process of construction and validation of the Polish Listening Span (PLSPAN) as a tool intended to measure verbal working memory of adults. The article presents the requisite theoretical background as well as the information about the PLSPAN, that is, the structure of the test, the scoring procedures and the steps taken with the aim of validating it.

scholarly journals Auditory cortex supports verbal working memory capacity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin M. Bidelman ◽  
Jane A. Brown ◽  
Pouya Bashivan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Neural Basis

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a fundamental construct of human cognition. The neural basis of auditory WM is thought to reflect a distributed brain network consisting of canonical memory and central executive brain regions including frontal lobe, prefrontal areas, and hippocampus. Yet, the role of auditory (sensory) cortex in supporting active memory representations remains controversial. Here, we recorded neuroelectric activity via EEG as listeners actively performed an auditory version of the Sternberg memory task. Memory load was taxed by parametrically manipulating the number of auditory tokens (letter sounds) held in memory. Source analysis of scalp potentials showed that sustained neural activity maintained in auditory cortex (AC) prior to memory retrieval closely scaled with behavioral performance. Brain-behavior correlations revealed lateralized modulations in left (but not right) AC predicted individual differences in auditory WM capacity. Our findings confirm a prominent role of auditory cortex, traditionally viewed as a sensory-perceptual processor, in actively maintaining memory traces and dictating individual differences in behavioral WM limits.

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