scholarly journals Aortic Stiffness: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Relevant Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Angoff ◽  
Ramya C. Mosarla ◽  
Connie W. Tsao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Future ◽  
Maladaptive Response

Aortic stiffness (AoS) is a maladaptive response to hemodynamic stress and both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, and elevated AoS increases afterload for the heart. AoS is a non-invasive marker of cardiovascular health and metabolic dysfunction. Implementing AoS as a diagnostic tool is challenging as it increases with age and varies amongst races. AoS is associated with lifestyle factors such as alcohol and smoking, as well as hypertension and comorbid conditions including metabolic syndrome and its components. Multiple studies have investigated various biomarkers associated with increased AoS, and this area is of particular interest given that these markers can highlight pathophysiologic pathways and specific therapeutic targets in the future. These biomarkers include those involved in the inflammatory cascade, anti-aging genes, and the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. In the future, targeting AoS rather than blood pressure itself may be the key to improving vascular health and outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of AoS, measurement of AoS and the challenges in interpretation, associated biomarkers, and possible therapeutic avenues for modulation of AoS.

scholarly journals Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em idosos

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Jerry Deyvid Freires Ferreira ◽  
Rafaella Pessoa Moreira ◽  
Tibelle Freitas Maurício ◽  
Paula Alves de Lima ◽  
Tahissa Frota Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

RESUMOObjetivos: avaliar as condições de saúde cardiovascular e identificar os fatores de risco modificáveis para doenças cardiovasculares em idosos. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo com 246 idosos. Aplicou-se um formulário com questões abertas, referentes à identificação do paciente, relacionando dados sociodemográficos, fatores de risco e informações sobre as condições de saúde. Para análise dos dados, realizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: 75,7% dos participantes eram mulheres, 94,3% aposentados. O uso de bebidas alcoólicas, fumo ativo e passivo foram referidos, respectivamente, por 8,9%, 11,8% e 18,3% dos entrevistados. A pressão arterial esteve alterada em 58,6% dos idosos na primeira avaliação, 81,8% na segunda e 74,3% na terceira. Conclusão: foi possível traçar o perfil da saúde cardiovascular e dos fatores de risco modificáveis para as doenças cardiovasculares na população idosa, que subsidiarão de base para intervenções voltadas à promoção da saúde e prevenção dos agravos. Descritores: Enfermagem; Idosos; Doenças Cardiovasculares.ABSTRACTObjectives: to evaluate cardiovascular conditions and to identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Method: descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study with 246 elderly subjects. A questionnaire with open questions regarding patient identification was applied, relating sociodemographic data, risk factors and information on health conditions. For data analysis, the Pearson Chi-Square test was performed. Results: 75.7% of the participants were women, 94.3% were retired. Alcohol consumption, active and passive smoking were reported, respectively, by 8.9%, 11.8% and 18.3% of respondents. Changes in blood pressure were identified in 58.6% of the elderly in the first evaluation, 81.8% in the second and 74.3% in the third evaluation. Conclusion: it was possible to outline the profile of cardiovascular health status and of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the elderly population, which will support interventions aimed at health promotion and disease prevention. Descriptors: Nursing; Elderly; Cardiovascular Diseases.RESUMENObjetivos: evaluar las condiciones de salud cardiovascular e identificar los factores de riesgo modificables para enfermedades cardiovasculares en ancianos. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo con 246 ancianos. Se aplicó un formulario con preguntas abiertas, referentes a la identificación del paciente, relacionando datos sociodemográficos, factores de riesgo e informaciones sobre las condiciones de salud. Para análisis de los datos, se realizo el test Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: 75,7% de los participantes eran mujeres, 94,3% jubialdos. El uso de bebidas alcohólicas, fumador activo y pasivo fueron referidos, respectivamente, por 8,9%, 11,8% y 18,3% de los entrevistados. La presión arterial estuvo alterada en 58,6% de los ancianos en la primera evaluación, 81,8% en la segunda y 74,3% en la tercera. Conclusión: fue posible trazar el perfil de la salud cardiovascular y de los factores de riesgo modificables para las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la población anciana, que subsidiarán de base para intervenciones dirigidas ala promoción de la salud y prevención de los problemas. Descriptores: Enfermería; Los Ancianos; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares.

Risk Factors for Unnecessary Antibiotic Therapy: A Major Role for Clinical Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Marie Roger ◽  
Eve Montera ◽  
Diane Lesselingue ◽  
Nathalie Troadec ◽  
Patrick Charlot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Electronic Medical Records ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Microbial Samples ◽  
Diagnosis Of Infection

Abstract Background Assessment of antimicrobial use places an emphasis on therapeutic aspects of infected patients. Our aim was to determine the risk factors for unnecessary antibiotic therapy (UAT). Methods This was a prospective, multicenter study evaluating all curative antibiotic therapies prescribed over 2 consecutive days through the same electronic medical records. Each item that could participate in these prescriptions was collected from the computerized file (reason for hospitalization, comorbid conditions, suspected or definitive diagnosis of infection, microbial analyses). UAT was defined as the recognition of noninfectious sydromes (NIS), nonbacterial infections, use of redundant antimicrobials, and continuation of empirical broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Results Four hundred fifty-three antibiotic therapies were analyzed at 17 institutions. An infectious disease was the reason for hospitalization in 201 cases (44%). An unspecified diagnosis of infection was observed in 104 cases (23%). Microbial samples were taken in 296 cases (65%), allowing isolation of a pathogen in 156 cases (53%). Unspecified diagnosis was associated with the absence of a microbial sample compared to patients with a diagnosis: (56/104 [54%] vs 240/349 [69%]; P = .005). A total of 158 NIS were observed (35%). UAT was observed in 169 cases (37%), due to NIS in 106 cases. In multivariate analysis, the modifiable risk factors for UAT were unspecified diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–3.20) and absence of a blood culture (AOR, 5.26; 95% CI, 2.56–10.00). Conclusions UAT is associated with an unspecified diagnosis and the absence of microbial testing. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should focus on diagnostic difficulties and microbial testing, the latter facilitating antibiotic reassessment and therapeutic interruption.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Health: From Order to Disorder

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 4000-4009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denuja Karunakaran ◽  
Katey J. Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Acute Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Fine Tune

In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have revolutionized how we understand metabolism and disease. These small, 20- to 22-nucleotide RNA molecules fine-tune gene expression and can often coordinate multiple genes in a single pathway. Given the multifactorial nature of cardiovascular disease, it is perhaps not surprising that miRNAs have been shown to orchestrate many aspects of disease development, from modulating metabolic risk factors over a lifetime (eg, cholesterol and hormones) to controlling the response to an acute cardiovascular event (eg, inflammation and hypoxia). In this review, we discuss how miRNAs exert control over metabolic pathways that maintain vascular health and, when these pathways go awry, how miRNAs can be targeted for therapeutic modulation.

Estimating the future cancer management costs attributable to modifiable risk factors in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibing Ruan ◽  
Abbey E. Poirier ◽  
Joy Pader ◽  
Keiko Asakawa ◽  
Chaohui Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals The Influence of Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors on Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2098745
Author(s):  
Robert Downing ◽  
Timothy Michael ◽  
Rebecca Place ◽  
Eric Hoffman ◽  
Paul Visich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Premature Cardiovascular Disease

Pediatric obesity is a major health concern today, which pre-disposes individuals to metabolic syndrome (MS), and the risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Use of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is recognized as non-invasive way to assess vascular health. The objective of this study was to determine which MBS risk factors has an influence on increasing one’s risk of an increased CIMT in children. In southern Maine 189 children (age: 10.52 ± .52 years) had their MBS risk factors and CIMT assessed. Based on CIMT, children were divided into quartiles and compared to MBS risk factors. Children in the highest quartile for CIMT had the highest waist circumference ( P < .05) compared to all other groups, using a one-way analysis of variance. No other MBS risk factors had an influence on CIMT. It appears early identification of children with an elevated WC may be beneficial in identifying children at risk of premature CVD.

Use of case stories to explore the contextual application of cardiovascular health knowledge in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-615
Author(s):  
Ejiofor A Ezika
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Case Based Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Based ◽  
Case Stories

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the impact of the use of case stories on promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) knowledge as well as determining the contextual application of CVH knowledge in an urban population in Nigeria. Design: Participatory action research. Setting: Urban setting in Nigeria. Method: Fifty participants were recruited through convenience sampling from an urban population in Nigeria. The researcher in collaboration with two faith leaders, a tribal leader and participants designed two case-based learning tools that were used to facilitate community health education that lasted for 16 weeks and which incorporated the promotion of physical activity and healthy eating twice a week over the same period. The impact of the health education intervention on knowledge concerning cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was determined using McNemar’s test. Results: Overall, 34% of the participants were able to give relevant pieces of advice relating to the two case-based learning scenarios about improving CVH. This percentage is lower compared with overall 76% of the participants who identified modifiable risk factors contributing to CVD in a questionnaire format before the health education session. Although participants were able to identify correct responses in a questionnaire format, it appeared more difficult for them to apply contextualised knowledge using the case-based learning tools. This suggests that the use of case-based learning tools is more realistic to life experience. Conclusion: Raising awareness of modifiable risk factors that contribute to CVD using case-based learning can be an important approach to reaching urban communities. Case-based learning is a useful tool to promote CVH knowledge.

Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Earnest ◽  
S. Kupper ◽  
M. Thompson ◽  
Guo ◽  
S. Church
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Daily Ingestion

Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (> 8.0 umol/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA)+placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol/L) for the MVit (- 1.43, 95 %CI, - 2.39, - 0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (- 1.01, 95 %CI, - 1.98, - 0.04) groups, both being significant (p < 0.05) vs. placebo (- 0.57, 95 %CI, - 1.49, 0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (- 6.00, 95 %CI, - 1.04, - 0.15) and MVit + N3 (- 0.98, 95 %CI, - 1.51, - 0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (- 0.15, 95 %CI, - 0.74, 0.43) or N3 (- 0.53, 95 %CI, - 1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (- 0.41, 95 %CI, - 0.69, - 0.13) and MVit + N3 (- 0.71, 95 %CI, - 0.93, - 0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (- 0.10, 95 %CI, - 0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, - 12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG.

Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Baker ◽  
Keith A. Edmonds ◽  
Maegan L. Calvert ◽  
Sarah M. Sanders ◽  
Ana J. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment
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