scholarly journals New Insights on the Role of Sodium in the Physiological Regulation of Blood Pressure and Development of Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erietta Polychronopoulou ◽  
Philippe Braconnier ◽  
Michel Burnier
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

scholarly journals Regulation of Blood Pressure and Salt Homeostasis by Endothelin

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Kohan ◽  
Noreen F. Rossi ◽  
Edward W. Inscho ◽  
David M. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Venous Capacitance ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Homeostasis

Endothelin (ET) peptides and their receptors are intimately involved in the physiological control of systemic blood pressure and body Na homeostasis, exerting these effects through alterations in a host of circulating and local factors. Hormonal systems affected by ET include natriuretic peptides, aldosterone, catecholamines, and angiotensin. ET also directly regulates cardiac output, central and peripheral nervous system activity, renal Na and water excretion, systemic vascular resistance, and venous capacitance. ET regulation of these systems is often complex, sometimes involving opposing actions depending on which receptor isoform is activated, which cells are affected, and what other prevailing factors exist. A detailed understanding of this system is important; disordered regulation of the ET system is strongly associated with hypertension and dysregulated extracellular fluid volume homeostasis. In addition, ET receptor antagonists are being increasingly used for the treatment of a variety of diseases; while demonstrating benefit, these agents also have adverse effects on fluid retention that may substantially limit their clinical utility. This review provides a detailed analysis of how the ET system is involved in the control of blood pressure and Na homeostasis, focusing primarily on physiological regulation with some discussion of the role of the ET system in hypertension.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide synthase-mediated blood pressure regulation in obese melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient pregnant rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (5) ◽  
pp. R851-R857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T. Spradley ◽  
Jennifer M. Sasser ◽  
Jacqueline B. Musall ◽  
Jennifer C. Sullivan ◽  
Joey P. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Although obesity increases the risk for hypertension in pregnancy, the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Increased nitric oxide (NO) production results in vasodilation and reduced blood pressure during normal pregnancy in lean rats; however, the role of NO is less clear during obese pregnancies. We examined the impact of obesity on NO synthase (NOS)-mediated regulation of blood pressure during pregnancy by testing the hypothesis that NOS activity, expression, and regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure are reduced in obese pregnant rats. At gestational day 19, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)-deficient obese rats (MC4R) had greater body weight and fat mass with elevated blood pressure and circulating sFlt-1 levels compared with MC4R pregnant rats. MC4R pregnant rats also had less circulating cGMP levels and reduced total NOS enzymatic activity and expression in mesenteric arteries. Despite decreased biochemical measures of NO/NOS in MC4R rats, NOS inhibition enhanced vasoconstriction only in mesenteric arteries from MC4R rats, suggesting greater NOS-mediated tone. To examine the role of NOS on blood pressure regulation in obese pregnant rats, MC4R and MC4R pregnant rats were administered the nonselective NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 100 mg/l) from gestational day 14 to 19 in drinking water. The degree by which l-NAME raised blood pressure was similar between obese and lean pregnant rats. Although MC4R obese pregnant rats had elevated blood pressure associated with reduced total NOS activity and expression, they had enhanced NOS-mediated attenuation of vasoconstriction, with no evidence of alterations in NOS-mediated regulation of blood pressure.

Extrarenal Role of Aldosterone in the Regulation of Blood Pressure

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (3 Pt 1) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamakado ◽  
M. Nagano ◽  
M. Umezu ◽  
H. Tagawa ◽  
H. Kiyose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

scholarly journals Missing pieces of the Piezo1/Piezo2 baroreceptor hypothesis: an autonomic perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Stocker ◽  
Alan F. Sved ◽  
Michael C. Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Baroreceptor Function ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

Baroreceptors play a pivotal role in the regulation of blood pressure through moment to moment sensing of arterial blood pressure and providing information to the central nervous system to make autonomic adjustments to maintain appropriate tissue perfusion. A recent publication by Zeng and colleagues (Zeng WZ, Marshall KL, Min S, Daou I, Chapleau MW, Abboud FM, Liberles SD, Science 362: 464–467, 2018) suggests the mechanosensitive ion channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 represent the cellular mechanism by which baroreceptor nerve endings sense changes in arterial blood pressure. However, before Piezo1 and Piezo2 are accepted as the sensor of baroreceptors, the question must be asked of what criteria are necessary to establish this and how well the report of Zeng and colleagues (Zeng WZ, Marshall KL, Min S, Daou I, Chapleau MW, Abboud FM, Liberles SD, Science 362: 464–467, 2018) satisfies these criteria. We briefly review baroreceptor function, outline criteria that a putative neuronal sensor of blood pressure must satisfy, and discuss whether the recent findings of Zeng and colleagues suitably meet these criteria. Despite the provocative hypothesis, there are significant concerns regarding the evidence supporting a role of Piezo1/Piezo2 in arterial baroreceptor function.

scholarly journals Role of Alström syndrome 1 in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function

JCI Insight ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Bachhawat Jaykumar ◽  
Paulo S. Caceres ◽  
Keyona N. King-Medina ◽  
Tang-Dong Liao ◽  
Indrani Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Alström Syndrome ◽  
Alstrom Syndrome ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure
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