scholarly journals Tumor Endothelial Cells (TECs) as Potential Immune Directors of the Tumor Microenvironment – New Findings and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurenz Nagl ◽  
Lena Horvath ◽  
Andreas Pircher ◽  
Dominik Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
New Findings

scholarly journals Crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment: new findings and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqi Mao ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Chen Liang ◽  
Jie Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Of Origin ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Essential Components

AbstractCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin, phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Through multiple pathways, activated CAFs can promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, along with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and even chemoresistance. Numerous previous studies have confirmed the critical role of the interaction between CAFs and tumor cells in tumorigenesis and development. However, recently, the mutual effects of CAFs and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been identified as another key factor in promoting tumor progression. The TIME mainly consists of distinct immune cell populations in tumor islets and is highly associated with the antitumor immunological state in the TME. CAFs interact with tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well as other immune components within the TIME via the secretion of various cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, exosomes and other effector molecules, consequently shaping an immunosuppressive TME that enables cancer cells to evade surveillance of the immune system. In-depth studies of CAFs and immune microenvironment interactions, particularly the complicated mechanisms connecting CAFs with immune cells, might provide novel strategies for subsequent targeted immunotherapies. Herein, we shed light on recent advances regarding the direct and indirect crosstalk between CAFs and infiltrating immune cells and further summarize the possible immunoinhibitory mechanisms induced by CAFs in the TME. In addition, we present current related CAF-targeting immunotherapies and briefly describe some future perspectives on CAF research in the end.

scholarly journals Obesity-Related Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism in Cancer-Associated Host Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ye ◽  
Xiaoting Sun ◽  
Yongtian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cancer Associated Fibroblasts ◽  
Future Perspectives

Obesity-derived disturbances in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism are linked to numerous diseases, including various types of malignancy. In tumor cells, metabolic alterations have been long recognized and intensively studied. However, metabolic changes in host cells in the tumor microenvironment and their contribution to tumor development have been largely overlooked. During the last decade, research advances show that fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol metabolism, and lipid accumulation play critical roles in cancer-associated host cells such as endothelial cells, lymph endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated myeloid cells, and tumor-associated lymphocytes. In addition to anti-angiogenic therapies and immunotherapy that have been practiced in the clinic, metabolic regulation is considered another promising cancer therapy targeting non-tumor host cells. Understanding the obesity-associated metabolism changes in cancer-associated host cells may ultimately be translated into therapeutic options that benefit cancer patients. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the lipid metabolism associated with obesity and its role in host cells in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the current understanding of the molecular pathways involved and future perspectives to benefit from this metabolic complexity.

scholarly journals Alternative Strategies to Inhibit Tumor Vascularization

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Brossa ◽  
Lola Buono ◽  
Sofia Fallo ◽  
Alessandra Fiorio Pla ◽  
Luca Munaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Tumor Vascularization ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Different Origin

Endothelial cells present in tumors show different origin, phenotype, and genotype with respect to the normal counterpart. Various mechanisms of intra-tumor vasculogenesis sustain the complexity of tumor vasculature, which can be further modified by signals deriving from the tumor microenvironment. As a result, resistance to anti-VEGF therapy and activation of compensatory pathways remain a challenge in the treatment of cancer patients, revealing the need to explore alternative strategies to the classical anti-angiogenic drugs. In this review, we will describe some alternative strategies to inhibit tumor vascularization, including targeting of antigens and signaling pathways overexpressed by tumor endothelial cells, the development of endothelial vaccinations, and the use of extracellular vesicles. In addition, anti-angiogenic drugs with normalizing effects on tumor vessels will be discussed. Finally, we will present the concept of endothelial demesenchymalization as an alternative approach to restore normal endothelial cell phenotype.

scholarly journals The Epigenetic Profile of Tumor Endothelial Cells. Effects of Combined Therapy with Antiangiogenic and Epigenetic Drugs on Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Ciesielski ◽  
Marta Biesiekierska ◽  
Baptiste Panthu ◽  
Varvara Vialichka ◽  
Luciano Pirola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Angiogenic Switch ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Antiangiogenic Factors ◽  
Tumor Blood Vessels

Tumors require a constant supply of nutrients to grow which are provided through tumor blood vessels. To metastasize, tumors need a route to enter circulation, that route is also provided by tumor blood vessels. Thus, angiogenesis is necessary for both tumor progression and metastasis. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a balance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family lead to the activation of endothelial cells, proliferation, and neovascularization. Significant VEGF-A upregulation is commonly observed in cancer cells, also due to hypoxic conditions, and activates endothelial cells (ECs) by paracrine signaling stimulating cell migration and proliferation, resulting in tumor-dependent angiogenesis. Conversely, antiangiogenic factors inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing ECs activation. One of the best-known anti-angiogenic factors is thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). In pathological angiogenesis, the balance shifts towards the proangiogenic factors and an angiogenic switch that promotes tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the current literature supporting the notion of the existence of two different endothelial lineages: normal endothelial cells (NECs), representing the physiological form of vascular endothelium, and tumor endothelial cells (TECs), which are strongly promoted by the tumor microenvironment and are biologically different from NECs. The angiogenic switch would be also important for the explanation of the differences between NECs and TECs, as angiogenic factors, cytokines and growth factors secreted into the tumor microenvironment may cause genetic instability. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic differences between the two endothelial lineages, which provide a possible window for pharmacological targeting of TECs.

scholarly journals Tumor Endothelial Cells Acquire Drug Resistance by MDR1 Up-Regulation via VEGF Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment

2012 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Akiyama ◽  
Noritaka Ohga ◽  
Yasuhiro Hida ◽  
Taisuke Kawamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Sadamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Vegf Signaling ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Acquire Drug Resistance

Tumor microenvironment-dependent heterogeneity and cytogenetic abnormality of tumor endothelial cells in human colorectal carcinoma.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22012-e22012
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Naschberger ◽  
Vera S. Schellerer ◽  
Ute Schaal ◽  
Sandra Grenz ◽  
Andrea Liebl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormality ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Colorectal Carcinoma
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document