scholarly journals Tumor microenvironment and Tumor Endothelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Kyoko Hida
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells

scholarly journals Alternative Strategies to Inhibit Tumor Vascularization

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Brossa ◽  
Lola Buono ◽  
Sofia Fallo ◽  
Alessandra Fiorio Pla ◽  
Luca Munaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Tumor Vascularization ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Different Origin

Endothelial cells present in tumors show different origin, phenotype, and genotype with respect to the normal counterpart. Various mechanisms of intra-tumor vasculogenesis sustain the complexity of tumor vasculature, which can be further modified by signals deriving from the tumor microenvironment. As a result, resistance to anti-VEGF therapy and activation of compensatory pathways remain a challenge in the treatment of cancer patients, revealing the need to explore alternative strategies to the classical anti-angiogenic drugs. In this review, we will describe some alternative strategies to inhibit tumor vascularization, including targeting of antigens and signaling pathways overexpressed by tumor endothelial cells, the development of endothelial vaccinations, and the use of extracellular vesicles. In addition, anti-angiogenic drugs with normalizing effects on tumor vessels will be discussed. Finally, we will present the concept of endothelial demesenchymalization as an alternative approach to restore normal endothelial cell phenotype.

scholarly journals The Epigenetic Profile of Tumor Endothelial Cells. Effects of Combined Therapy with Antiangiogenic and Epigenetic Drugs on Cancer Progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Ciesielski ◽  
Marta Biesiekierska ◽  
Baptiste Panthu ◽  
Varvara Vialichka ◽  
Luciano Pirola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
Angiogenic Switch ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Antiangiogenic Factors ◽  
Tumor Blood Vessels

Tumors require a constant supply of nutrients to grow which are provided through tumor blood vessels. To metastasize, tumors need a route to enter circulation, that route is also provided by tumor blood vessels. Thus, angiogenesis is necessary for both tumor progression and metastasis. Angiogenesis is tightly regulated by a balance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family lead to the activation of endothelial cells, proliferation, and neovascularization. Significant VEGF-A upregulation is commonly observed in cancer cells, also due to hypoxic conditions, and activates endothelial cells (ECs) by paracrine signaling stimulating cell migration and proliferation, resulting in tumor-dependent angiogenesis. Conversely, antiangiogenic factors inhibit angiogenesis by suppressing ECs activation. One of the best-known anti-angiogenic factors is thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). In pathological angiogenesis, the balance shifts towards the proangiogenic factors and an angiogenic switch that promotes tumor angiogenesis. Here, we review the current literature supporting the notion of the existence of two different endothelial lineages: normal endothelial cells (NECs), representing the physiological form of vascular endothelium, and tumor endothelial cells (TECs), which are strongly promoted by the tumor microenvironment and are biologically different from NECs. The angiogenic switch would be also important for the explanation of the differences between NECs and TECs, as angiogenic factors, cytokines and growth factors secreted into the tumor microenvironment may cause genetic instability. In this review, we focus on the epigenetic differences between the two endothelial lineages, which provide a possible window for pharmacological targeting of TECs.

scholarly journals Tumor Endothelial Cells Acquire Drug Resistance by MDR1 Up-Regulation via VEGF Signaling in Tumor Microenvironment

2012 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Akiyama ◽  
Noritaka Ohga ◽  
Yasuhiro Hida ◽  
Taisuke Kawamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Sadamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Vegf Signaling ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Acquire Drug Resistance

Tumor microenvironment-dependent heterogeneity and cytogenetic abnormality of tumor endothelial cells in human colorectal carcinoma.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22012-e22012
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Naschberger ◽  
Vera S. Schellerer ◽  
Ute Schaal ◽  
Sandra Grenz ◽  
Andrea Liebl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Cytogenetic Abnormality ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Colorectal Carcinoma

scholarly journals Inhibition of Multidrug Transporter in Tumor Endothelial Cells Enhances Antiangiogenic Effects of Low-Dose Metronomic Paclitaxel

2015 ◽  
Vol 185 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Akiyama ◽  
Nako Maishi ◽  
Noritaka Ohga ◽  
Yasuhiro Hida ◽  
Yusuke Ohba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Multidrug Transporter ◽  
Tumor Endothelial Cells
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