scholarly journals Wage Risk and Employment Risk over the Life Cycle

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Low ◽  
Costas Meghir ◽  
Luigi Pistaferri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wage Risk ◽  
Employment Risk

scholarly journals Wage Risk and Employment Risk over the Life Cycle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Low ◽  
Costas Meghir ◽  
Luigi Pistaferri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wage Risk ◽  
Employment Risk

scholarly journals Wage Risk and Employment Risk over the Life Cycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish Low ◽  
Costas Meghir ◽  
Luigi Pistaferri
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Food Stamps ◽  
Search Frictions ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
Wage Risk ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Employment Risk

We specify a life-cycle model of consumption, labor supply and job mobility in an economy with search frictions. We distinguish different sources of risk, including shocks to productivity, job arrival, and job destruction. Allowing for job mobility has a large effect on the estimate of productivity risk. Increases in the latter impose a considerable welfare loss. Increases in employment risk have large effects on output and, primarily through this channel, affect welfare. The welfare value of programs such as Food Stamps, partially insuring productivity risk, is greater than the value of unemployment insurance which provides (partial) insurance against employment risk. (JEL D91, J22, J31, J61, J64, J65)

scholarly journals Consumption Insurance against Wage Risk: Family Labor Supply and Optimal Progressive Income Taxation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-113
Author(s):  
Chunzan Wu ◽  
Dirk Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Consumption Insurance ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Insurance Mechanism ◽  
Wage Risk ◽  
Progressive Income Taxation ◽  
Wage Shocks

We show that a calibrated life cycle two-earner household model with endogenous labor supply can rationalize the extent of consumption insurance against shocks to male and female wages, as estimated empirically by Blundell, Pistaferri, and Saporta-Eksten (2016) in US data. In the model, 35 percent of male and 18 percent of female permanent wage shocks pass through to consumption, compared to the empirical estimates of 32 percent and 19 percent. Most of the consumption insurance against permanent male wage shocks is provided through the presence and labor supply response of the female earner. Abstracting from this private intrahousehold income insurance mechanism strongly biases upward the welfare losses from idiosyncratic wage risk as well as the desired extent of public insurance through progressive income taxation. Relative to the standard one-earner life cycle model, the optimal degree of tax progressivity is significantly lower and the welfare gains from implementing the optimal system are cut roughly in half. (JEL D15, H21, H24, J16, J22, J31)

Ultrastructural analysis of “Sensory” surface nerve endings and “putative” neurotransmitter sites in Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 962-963
Author(s):  
Betty Ruth Jones ◽  
Steve Chi-Tang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Snail Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Basic Biology

INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis has been described as “one of the most devastating diseases of mankind, second only to malaria in its deleterious effects on the social and economic development of populations in many warm areas of the world.” The disease is worldwide and is probably spreading faster and becoming more intense than the overall research efforts designed to provide the basis for countering it. Moreover, there are indications that the development of water resources and the demands for increasing cultivation and food in developing countries may prevent adequate control of the disease and thus the number of infections are increasing.Our knowledge of the basic biology of the parasites causing the disease is far from adequate. Such knowledge is essential if we are to develop a rational approach to the effective control of human schistosomiasis. The miracidium is the first infective stage in the complex life cycle of schistosomes. The future of the entire life cycle depends on the capacity and ability of this organism to locate and enter a suitable snail host for further development, Little is known about the nervous system of the miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni and of other trematodes. Studies indicate that miracidia contain a well developed and complex nervous system that may aid the larvae in locating and entering a susceptible snail host (Wilson, 1970; Brooker, 1972; Chernin, 1974; Pan, 1980; Mehlhorn, 1988; and Jones, 1987-1988).

A freeze-fracture-etched study of the physarum polycephalum plasma membrane during early formation of the macroplasmodial stage

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
Randolph W. Taylor ◽  
Henrie Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wire Screen ◽  
Wide Mouth ◽  
Sterile Filter

The plasma membrane of the Slime Mold, Physarum polycephalum, process unique morphological distinctions at different stages of the life cycle. Investigations of the plasma membrane of P. polycephalum, particularly, the arrangements of the intramembranous particles has provided useful information concerning possible changes occurring in higher organisms. In this report Freeze-fracture-etched techniques were used to investigate 3 hours post-fusion of the macroplasmodia stage of the P. polycephalum plasma membrane.Microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum (M3C), axenically maintained, were collected in mid-expotential growth phase by centrifugation. Aliquots of microplasmodia were spread in 3 cm circles with a wide mouth pipette onto sterile filter paper which was supported on a wire screen contained in a petri dish. The cells were starved for 2 hrs at 24°C. After starvation, the cells were feed semidefined medium supplemented with hemin and incubated at 24°C. Three hours after incubation, samples were collected randomly from the petri plates, placed in plancettes and frozen with a propane-nitrogen jet freezer.

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