scholarly journals Labor Quality, the Demand for Skill, and Market Selection

10.3386/w0162 ◽  
1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwin Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Market Selection ◽  
Labor Quality

Is Uppsala model valid to fashion retailers? An analysis from internationalisation patterns of fast fashion retailers

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lynn Childs ◽  
Byoungho Jin
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Asset Specificity ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Market Selection ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Niche Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Uppsala Model

Purpose – Uppsala internationalisation theory is highly utilised due to its simplicity and applicability. However, there are contrasting results on its assumption that firms follow a gradual internationalisation process. Literature shows that firm strategies (e.g. targeting a niche market) and firm resources (e.g. brand image and asset specificity) may decrease barriers of entry. Global fashion retailers possess these characteristics and may not follow a gradual internationalisation pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether fashion retailers that target a niche market, have a strong brand image and asset specificity will follow a gradual internationalisation pattern suggested by Uppsala. Design/methodology/approach – Two aspects of internationalisation (speed of internationalisation and market selection) were analysed. Market selection was measured by three aspects of distance (geographic distance, economic distance, and culture distance). Data were collected utilising secondary sources and internationalisation patterns were calculated using existing formulas. Findings – Overall, results provided partial support for Uppsala model. After cautious expansion early in internationalisation, fashion retailers experience a period where rapid expansion exists. During initial internationalisation, geographically and economically close markets were chosen, which mirror the Uppsala model. However, no incremental patterns were observed thereafter. In addition, after initially moving to culturally close countries, firms moved to countries with close cultural proximity to each other rather than close to home market. Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on three cases of fast fashion retailers; thus, for further generalisation, if the findings will be applicable to other fashion firms which have different strategies and resources needs to be examined. Originality/value – This study is one of the first attempts to research the applicability of Uppsala model to fashion retailers. By investigating fashion retailers that target niche markets, have strong brand image and asset specificity; the paper adds additional empirical evidence of situations where internationalisation does not follow the linear pattern that Uppsala model argues.

scholarly journals Who will Bear the Brunt of Lockdown Policies? Evidence from Tele-workability Measures Across Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (88) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Brussevich ◽  
Era Dabla-Norris ◽  
Salma Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
College Education ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Market Selection ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Earnings Distribution ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The World

Lockdowns imposed around the world to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are having a differential impact on economic activity and jobs. This paper presents a new index of the feasibility to work from home to investigate what types of jobs are most at risk. We estimate that over 97.3 million workers, equivalent to about 15 percent of the workforce, are at high risk of layoffs and furlough across the 35 advanced and emerging countries in our sample. Workers least likely to work remotely tend to be young, without a college education, working for non-standard contracts, employed in smaller firms, and those at the bottom of the earnings distribution, suggesting that the pandemic could exacerbate inequality. Crosscountry heterogeneity in the ability to work remotely reflects differential access to and use of technology, sectoral mix, and labor market selection. Policies should account for demographic and distributional considerations both during the crisis and in its aftermath.

scholarly journals Talent, Labor Quality, and Economic Development

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Cubas ◽  
B. Ravikumar ◽  
Gustavo Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Quality
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