scholarly journals PENTINGNYA MENDETEKSI ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA SEBAGAI ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS (LAPORAN KASUS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Revi Nelonda ◽  
Tenny Setiani Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Oral Leukoplakia (OL) is white plaque lesion in oral mucosa thatcannot be scraped and one of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder(OPMD) with incidence about 2.5% of all populations in the world.The most case of oral squamous cell carcinoma are preceded byOPMD. The aim of this case report is to understand the importance ofdetection oral lesion that could potentially become malignancy. A 28-year-old male patient complained of sores on his tongue that had nothealed for 2 months. Intraoral examination obtained red and whitelesion on the left lateral tongue: shallow reddish ulcer with irregularborder in region 35-36, followed by unscrapable white plaque lesionwith slight induration in region 37-38. Hematological examinationshowed normal range. According anamnesis and clinical examination,diagnosis of traumatic ulcer and OL were made. Patients were treatedwith multivitamins and antiseptic mouthwash. Histopathologicalexamination results from lesion biopsies show a hyperplastic mass,parakeratosis and a tissue with polymorphic form, a hyperchromaticnucleus of cells associated with histopathologic criteria of squamouscell carcinomas with well differentiation. The patient was referred tothe Hemato-oncology Department for chemotherapy. There are twoimportant parameters should be considered when evaluating thepotential for malignant change of OL that is when finding white lesionswith or without red lesions should always be suspected as OPMD andalways confirm it by histopathological examination as early aspossible. Accurate examination and histopathologic examination isessential to obtain a good prognosis in OPMD.

scholarly journals Clinical Review and Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders with Epithelial Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain ◽  
Ali Sami Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to any microscopic alterations that have a risk of malignant development of cancers of the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected in an oral lesion, it is termed as a precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes in the color or thickness of normal oral mucosa might be detected during the clinical diagnosis of the oral lesions. Leukoplakia of the oral cavity is a clinical name for one of the most predominant OPMDs of the oral mucosa. When comparing oral examination with naked eyes to planning to apply staining with special stain or using an image of optical fluorescence, the incidence of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia may rise, as well as the clearing of the lesion boundary. Increased size of more than 2cm2, the presence of colored regions with a red hue, the presence of lichenoid process characteristics, and severe epithelial dysplasia are all considered risk factors. One-third of premalignant lesions may progress to cancer, whereas the other two-thirds may stay stable or regress without progressing to malignancy. Conclusion: It is critical to research the patients' unique characteristics, which include psychological, genetic, dietary, and dental problems. When epithelial dysplasia is present in an oral lesion, it is termed a precancerous lesion. Oral potential malignant diseases with epithelial dysplasia may or may not develop into carcinoma and may or may not be recurrent.

scholarly journals Clinical Review and Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders with Epithelial Dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mohammed Abdulhussain ◽  
◽  
Ali Sami Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise any disorders, tumors, in addition to any microscopic alterations that have a risk of malignant development of cancers of the mouth. When epithelial dysplasia is detected in an oral lesion, it is termed as a precancerous lesion. Finding: Several changes in the color or thickness of normal oral mucosa might be detected during the clinical diagnosis of the oral lesions. Leukoplakia of the oral cavity is a clinical name for one of the most predominant OPMDs of the oral mucosa. When comparing oral examination with naked eyes to planning to apply staining with special stain or using an image of optical fluorescence, the incidence of patients with oral epithelial dysplasia may rise, as well as the clearing of the lesion boundary. Increased size of more than 2cm2, the presence of colored regions with a red hue, the presence of lichenoid process characteristics, and severe epithelial dysplasia are all considered risk factors. One-third of premalignant lesions may progress to cancer, whereas the other two-thirds may stay stable or regress without progressing to malignancy. Conclusion: It is critical to research the patients' unique characteristics, which include psychological, genetic, dietary, and dental problems. When epithelial dysplasia is present in an oral lesion, it is termed a precancerous lesion. Oral potential malignant diseases with epithelial dysplasia may or may not develop into carcinoma and may or may not be recurrent.

Nuclear Blebbing Frequency in Tobacco-Induced Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Roopa Yadahalli ◽  
Supriya Kheur ◽  
Aanchal Adwani ◽  
Ramesh Bhonde ◽  
A. Thirumal Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Normal Oral Mucosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Tobacco contains several genotoxic agents including N-nitrosamine which has the potential to cause significant nuclear damage. Nuclear blebbing is a form of protrusion on the nuclear membrane and could potentially be caused by tobacco-induced genotoxicity and is closely associated with malignancy. Thus, the present study aimed to assess if tobacco-associated oral potentially malignant disorders including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia have a higher nuclear blebbing frequency than patients with normal oral mucosa with no history of tobacco use. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The sample consisted of patients with OSF (<i>n</i> = 30) and oral leukoplakia (<i>n</i> = 10) and normal oral mucosa (<i>n</i> = 10). Exfoliated cells collected from the study groups were smeared on a clean microscopic slide and stained by May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. A baseline frequency of nuclear blebbing was evaluated using a bright-field microscope with a ×100 objective. The number of nuclear blebbing per 1,000 epithelial cells was recorded and expressed in percentage. ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlation were used to analyze the data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean rank of distribution of nuclear blebbing showed significant difference between all 3 groups, with the highest frequency noted in leukoplakia, followed by oral submucous and normal oral mucosa. Within OSF, the frequency of nuclear blebbing significantly increased from early stage to advanced stage. In OSF, a statistically significant positive linear correlation was noted between duration (in years), frequency (per day) of tobacco use, clinical grading, and nuclear blebbing. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> The frequency of nuclear blebbing was significantly higher in oral potentially malignant disorders than normal mucosa. Nuclear blebbing also exhibited a strong dose- and time-dependent correlation with tobacco usage and clinical staging in OSF. The nuclear blebbing frequency could be a noninvasive, economic tool to assess malignant risk in tobacco-induced oral potentially malignant disorders.

scholarly journals The establishment of a multi-source dataset of images on common oral lesions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthilmani Rajendran ◽  
Jian Han Lim ◽  
Kohgulakuhan Yogalingam ◽  
Thomas George Kallarakkal ◽  
Rosnah Binti Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Referral Decisions ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Referral Decision

Abstract Purpose To establish an oral lesion image database that could accelerate the development of artificial intelligence systems for lesion recognition and referral decision. Materials and Methods We describe the establishment of a multi-sourced image dataset through the development of a platform for the collection and annotation of images. Further, we developed a used-friendly tool (MeMoSA® ANNOTATE) for systematic annotation to collect a rich dataset associated with the images. We evaluated the sensitivities comparing referral decisions through the annotation process with the clinical diagnosis of the lesions to identify lesions that are challenging to identify through images alone. Results The image repository hosts 2474 images of oral lesions consisting of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders, benign lesions, normal anatomical variants and normal mucosa that were collected through our platform, MeMoSA® UPLOAD. Over 800 images were annotated by seven oral medicine specialists on MeMoSA®ANNOTATE, to mark the lesion and to collect clinical labels. The sensitivity in referral decision for all lesions that required a referral for cancer management/surveillance was moderate to high depending on the type of lesion (64.3–100%). Conclusion This is the first description of a database with well-annotated oral lesions. This database has already been used for the development of AI algorithm for classifying oral lesions. Further expansion of this database could accelerate the improvement in AI algorithms that can facilitate the early detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Predicts the Malignant-Transformation-Free Survival of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6054
Author(s):  
John Adeoye ◽  
Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam ◽  
Anthony Wing Ip Lo ◽  
Raymond King-Yin Tsang ◽  
Velda Ling Yu Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Lichenoid Lesions ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Machine-intelligence platforms for the prediction of the probability of malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders are required as adjunctive decision-making platforms in contemporary clinical practice. This study utilized time-to-event learning models to predict malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia and oral lichenoid lesions. A total of 1098 patients with oral white lesions from two institutions were included in this study. In all, 26 features available from electronic health records were used to train four learning algorithms—Cox-Time, DeepHit, DeepSurv, random survival forest (RSF)—and one standard statistical method—Cox proportional hazards model. Discriminatory performance, calibration of survival estimates, and model stability were assessed using a concordance index (c-index), integrated Brier score (IBS), and standard deviation of the averaged c-index and IBS following training cross-validation. This study found that DeepSurv (c-index: 0.95, IBS: 0.04) and RSF (c-index: 0.91, IBS: 0.03) were the two outperforming models based on discrimination and calibration following internal validation. However, DeepSurv was more stable than RSF upon cross-validation. External validation confirmed the utility of DeepSurv for discrimination (c-index—0.82 vs. 0.73) and RSF for individual survival estimates (0.18 vs. 0.03). We deployed the DeepSurv model to encourage incipient application in clinical practice. Overall, time-to-event models are successful in predicting the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia and oral lichenoid lesions.

scholarly journals Coetaneous Presentation of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis with High Grade Dysplasia and Its Management with Lasers: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
pp. 464-469
Author(s):  
Preethi R ◽  
Malarkodi T ◽  
Arvind Krishnamurthy ◽  
Aravind Warrier S
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
High Grade Dysplasia ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Oral Epithelial Dysplasia ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are diverse lesions associated with an increased likelihood for malignant transformation to oral cancer. The most frequently encountered OPMD in clinical practice are Oral Leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). The use of tobacco is consistently linked with leukoplakia and areca/betel nut with OSMF. Histopathological features of oral epithelial dysplasia, its varying grades are of immense clinical significance to evaluate its ability for malignant transformation. We report a case of homogenous leukoplakia and OSMF, two oral potentially malignant disorders occurring at the same site with high-grade dysplasia and its management using lasers.

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