scholarly journals The Correlation Between Weight Increment and Stunting in Children 0-24 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 258-260
Author(s):  
Hanna Dyahferi Anomsari ◽  
I Gusti Eka Ayu Pratiwi ◽  
Irwanto Irwanto
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Weight For Age ◽  
Children Under 5

Globally in 2016, 22.9% or 154.8 million children under 5 years of age suffered from child stunting. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 19.3% and in east java it reaches almost 30%. Negative effect of stunting cannot be repair or irreversibel, especially brain damage and the management of stunting is complex, so preventing and reducing child become stunting is more important. Analysis of growth patterns and the detection of aberrant growth patterns provide critical information for the detection of pathologic conditions. Weight-for-age is the most commonly used index of nutritional status. Weight loss, or failure to gain normally, is often the first sign of pathology. If routine weight measurements could be used to detect the risk of linear growth faltering, the role of posyandu in stunting prevention could be enhanced. Purpose of this study is to find a relationship of weight increment in 2, 3, 4, and 6 month and stunting in children aged 0-24 months. There was a significant correlation weight increment for 6 months with stunting (r= -0.432, p=0.004) Keywords: weight increment; stunting; growth interpretation

scholarly journals Linear growth faltering and the role of weight attainment: Prospective analysis of young children recovering from severe wasting in Niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Isanaka ◽  
Matt D.T. Hitchings ◽  
Fatou Berthé ◽  
André Briend ◽  
Rebecca F. Grais
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Growth Faltering

scholarly journals Disentangling the Role of HIV Exposure on Linear Growth Among Mother-Infant Dyads in Western Kenya: A Comparison of Three Growth Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1087-1087
Author(s):  
Rachel Rickman ◽  
Charlotte Lane ◽  
Shalean Collins ◽  
Joshua Miller ◽  
Amy Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Hiv Exposure ◽  
Longitudinal Regression

Abstract Objectives HIV-exposed and uninfected (HEU) infants may experience altered growth compared to HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) infants. Most studies to date have used analytic techniques that do not reflect the dynamic trends in infant growth patterns. We therefore sought to evaluate growth patterns using 3 different analytic methods and examine the role of HIV on growth with each method. Methods Repeated measures for infant anthropometrics were taken from 6 wk to 23 mo of age in the former Nyanza region, Kenya (n = 310, 52% HEU, 50% male). We used (1) Latent Class Mixed Modeling (LCMM) to identify length-for-age z-score (LAZ) trajectory classes and then multinomial logistic regression to assess how HIV exposure status predicted trajectory class membership, adjusting for covariates (e.g., maternal height, food insecurity); (2) SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) to estimate length in terms of size and velocity (rate of growth) differences by maternal HIV status; and (3) longitudinal regression, the conventional method for analyzing growth, to estimate differences in length and LAZ based on HIV exposure. Results At 6 wks of age, HEU infants had a mean LAZ score of −1.03 ± 1.85 compared to −1.10 ± 1.83 for HUU infants. LCMM identified four LAZ trajectory classes (average 5.1 measurements/infant). Across time, class one LAZ scores remained near 1; class two declined 0 to −1; class three remained near −1; and class four fluctuated between −2 and −3. In logistic regression models, HEU infants were less likely to belong to classes one (RR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1,0.9) and two (RR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2,0.7) relative to class three. Similarly, SITAR estimated that HEU infants were on average 0.62 cm shorter than HUU infants across the study (95% CI: −1.3,0.1) but there were no differences in mean linear growth velocities. Longitudinal regression models predicted that mean stature for HEU infants was 0.8 cm (95% CI: −1.5, −0.1) shorter and that mean LAZ for HEU infants was 0.4 points (95% CI: −0.7, −0.1) lower compared to HUU infants. Conclusions Across the 3 methods, HEU infants were shorter than HUU infants during the first 23 mo of life. Compared to longitudinal regression, advanced modeling with LCMM and SITAR allows for a more flexible assessment of the altered growth patterns HEU infants experience. Funding Sources NIH.

scholarly journals How does neighborhood walkability affect obesity? The mediating role of commute mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 737-759
Author(s):  
Wenyue Yang ◽  
Xinyu Zhen ◽  
Suhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Significant Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The walkability of a neighborhood is closely related to residents’ travel behavior and daily life and, ultimately, their health and wellbeing. Although existing studies in this area have reached some enlightening conclusions, few of them have considered residents’ travel attitudes and preferences, or the mediating role of commute mode. Do travel attitudes and preferences matter in the relationship between neighborhood walkability and residents being obese? How does commute mode work as a mediator? To answer these questions, based on the 2019 travel survey data in Guangzhou, this paper uses the Multilevel Linear Model (MLM) to examine the association between neighborhood walkability and residents’ body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, the Mediation Model is used to identify the mediating role of commute mode in the relationship between walkability and BMI. The results show that (1) travel attitudes and preferences do affect the individual’s BMI through the mediator of commute mode. (2) After controlling the individual socio-demographics and travel attitudes and preferences, neighborhood walkability has a significant negative effect on BMI. Meanwhile, walkability has a significant positive effect on the use of non-private motorized commute modes. Non-private motorized commute modes have a significant negative effect on BMI. (3) The mediating effect of commute mode in the relationship of neighborhood walkability with the individual’s BMI is significant. The proportion of mediation is 32.90%. Insights into the relationship between neighborhood walkability, commute mode, and individual BMI highlight the importance of walkable neighborhoods that encourage people to use healthy commute modes.

scholarly journals Higher Longitudinal Milk Intakes Are Associated with Increased Height in a Birth Cohort Followed for 17 Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (7) ◽  
pp. 1144-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa A Marshall ◽  
Alexandra M Curtis ◽  
Joseph E Cavanaugh ◽  
John J Warren ◽  
Steven M Levy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Baseline Model ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Background Height is an indicator of nutritional status; linear growth faltering has recognized consequences for cognitive, emotional, and chronic disease risk. Although height is routinely studied in developing countries, less attention is given to height in the United States. Objective The objective of this study was to identify longitudinal associations between childhood and adolescent beverage intakes, nutrient adequacy, or energy intake and height in a birth cohort. Methods Data for participants through ages 2–17 y (n = 717; 353 males, 364 females) recruited at birth for the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) were used in the current cohort analyses. Beverage intakes (n = 708) were collected by beverage-frequency questionnaires at 3- to 6-mo intervals, whereas nutrient data (n = 652) were obtained from 3-d food diaries completed at 3- to 6-mo intervals through age 8.5 y and from Block Kids’ food-frequency questionnaires at 2-y intervals after age 8.5 y. Nutrient adequacy ratios were calculated with the use of age- and sex-specific Estimated Average Requirements. Height was measured at clinic visits when the participants were approximately ages 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 y. Linear mixed models were used to identify longitudinal associations between dietary variables and height. A baseline model that adjusted for changing growth patterns during adolescence was established. Dietary and potential confounding variables were added to this baseline model. Results Milk intake adjusted for mean adequacy ratio, energy intake, and baseline socioeconomic status was associated with height; for each additional 8 ounces (236 mL) of milk consumed per day throughout childhood and adolescence, height increased, on average, by 0.39 cm (95% CI: 0.18, 0.60 cm; P < 0.001). Conclusions IFS participants’ height increased by 0.39 cm for each additional 8 ounces (236 mL) of milk consumed throughout childhood and adolescence. The clinical implications of the mild linear growth faltering observed in healthy youth are unknown. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as 199112665.

Linear Growth Faltering Is Associated with Subsequent Adverse Child Cognitive Developmental Outcomes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (REDUCE Program)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Marie George ◽  
Jamie Perin ◽  
Jennifer Kuhl ◽  
Camille Williams ◽  
Nicole Coglianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence ◽  
Children Under 5

Globally, 140 million children under 5 years of age are estimated to be stunted. Previous studies have found an association between stunting and poor cognitive outcomes. However, there is limited evidence of this association in sub-Saharan African settings such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This prospective cohort study of 286 children under 5 years was conducted in rural DRC to investigate the association between diarrhea prevalence, child growth, and child cognitive developmental outcomes. Developmental outcomes were assessed by communication, fine motor, gross motor, personal social, problem-solving, and combined developmental scores measured by the Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ) at a 6-month follow-up visit. Height and weight were measured at baseline and a 6-month follow-up. Diarrhea prevalence was assessed through surveillance visits. Diarrhea prevalence was not associated with follow-up combined EASQ Z-scores at the 6-month follow-up (coefficient: −0.06 [95% CI: −0.29, 0.17]). Each additional standard deviation (SD) increase in height for age z-scores from baseline to the 6-month follow-up increased combined EASQ Z-scores by 0.22 (95%: 0.14, −0.31) SDs. Each additional SD increase in weight for age z-scores from baseline to the 6-month follow-up increased combined EASQ Z-scores by 0.21 (95%: 0.10, −0.32) SDs. Linear growth faltering and reduced weight gain were associated with reduced cognitive developmental outcomes among children residing in rural DRC. Interventions are urgently needed for this susceptible pediatric population to improve child growth and cognitive developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Reserve Account Disclosure Transparency and Accrual Earning Management with Audit Quality as Moderating

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Latifah Binti Nono ◽  
Siti Khomsatun
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Earning Management ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Management Audit ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of transparency of reserve account disclosure on accrual earning management, and also to examine the role of audit quality as a moderator for the effect of transparency of reserve account disclosure on accrual earning management. The population in the study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample period of 2012-2015. The sample selection technique used purposive sampling. The samples were obtained 350 observations of manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2012 to 2015. This study uses panel regression statistical method with unbalance panel data. The measurements used for Transparency of reserve account disclosure are word count, sentence count, and disclosure index. The results support the hypothesis which show that transparency of reserve account disclosure have negative significant effect on the accrual earning management, audit quality have negative significant effect on accrual earning management, and audit quality has a role as moderator (strengthen) the Negative effect between transparency of reserve account disclosure to accrual earning management.Nevertheless, the result is inconsistent in each model. This study concludes that accrual earning management can be minimized by selecting competent auditors and increasing transparency of accounts receivable accounts.

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Attachment Styles, Physical Proximity, and Relational Satisfaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anita Shrivastava ◽  
Andrea Burianova
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Relational Satisfaction ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Geographic Separation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Attachment Dimensions

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment styles, proximity, and relational satisfaction. This was achieved by assessing a distinct type of long distance romantic relationship of flying crews, compared with proximal (non-flying crew) romantic relationships. The responses of 139 expatriate professionals revealed significant associations between proximity and anxious and avoidant attachment dimensions. The role of the avoidant dimension in comparison with that of the anxious dimension was found to be a significant predictor of relational satisfaction. This study contributes significantly toward addressing the role of proximity and attachment in relational satisfaction in a new context of geographic separation.

PERSEPSI PEMAHAMAN PERANAN AUDITOR, ETIKA AUDITOR DAN INDEPENDENSI AUDITOR INTERNAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE DENGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Fipitriany Any
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
University Governance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Role Ethics

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of the role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors in implementing good university governance (GUG) with leadership style as a moderation variable. Multiple linear regression and moderation regression analysis models are used to test the hypothesis. The primary data are obtained through questionnaires that are distributed to the respondents, namely the dean and head of study program at the UniversitasBinaDarma and UniversitasMuhammadiyahPalembang. The results of this study indicate that the instruments in each variable proved to be valid and reliable. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it can be seen that simultaneously the variable of role, ethics, and independence of internal auditors have positively and significantly effect in implementing good university governance (GUG). These results provide justification or endorsement of the theoretical truths used as the theoretical references of Stewardship Theory and Attitude and Behavioral Theory. Based on the partial test, role of auditor does not significantly affect the variable of GUG, but ethics and independence variable are found to be significant in influencing GUG. The leadership style is negative and insignificant in moderating the role of internal auditors and GUC and also the independence of internal auditor and GUC. The leadership style is found to be positive and insignificant in moderating the relationship of internal auditors’ ethics and GUC.Keywords        Role, Ethics, Independence, Internal Auditor, Leadership Style, Good University Governance  ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh peran, etika, dan independensi auditor internal dalam menerapkan good university governance (GUG) dengan gaya kepemimpinan sebagai variabel moderasi. Model analisis regresi linier berganda dan regresi moderasi digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden, yaitu dekan dan ketua program studi di Universitas Bina Darma dan Universitas MuhammadiyahPalembang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen dalam setiap variabel terbukti valid dan dapat diandalkan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat dilihat bahwa secara simultan variabel peran, etika, dan independensi auditor internal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam penerapan good university governance (GUG). Hasil ini memberikan pembenaran atau pengesahan kebenaran teoretis yang digunakan sebagai referensi teoretis dari Teori Penatalayanan dan Teori Sikap dan Perilaku. Berdasarkan uji parsial, peran auditor tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi variabel GUG, tetapi variabel etika dan independensi ditemukan signifikan dalam mempengaruhi GUG. Gaya kepemimpinan negatif dan tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi peran auditor internal dan GUC dan juga independensi auditor internal dan GUC. Gaya kepemimpinan ditemukan menjadi positif dan tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi hubungan etika auditor internal dan GUC Kata Kunci            Peran, Etika, Independensi, Auditor Internal, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Tata Kelola Universitas

Management of Economics and State "Bottom"

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
E. D. Solozhentsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific problem of economics “Managing the quality of human life” is formulated on the basis of artificial intelligence, algebra of logic and logical-probabilistic calculus. Managing the quality of human life is represented by managing the processes of his treatment, training and decision making. Events in these processes and the corresponding logical variables relate to the behavior of a person, other persons and infrastructure. The processes of the quality of human life are modeled, analyzed and managed with the participation of the person himself. Scenarios and structural, logical and probabilistic models of managing the quality of human life are given. Special software for quality management is described. The relationship of human quality of life and the digital economy is examined. We consider the role of public opinion in the management of the “bottom” based on the synthesis of many studies on the management of the economics and the state. The bottom management is also feedback from the top management.

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