scholarly journals Effects of prebiotic, protein level, and stocking density on performance, immunity, and stress indicators of broilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Houshmand ◽  
K. Azhar ◽  
I. Zulkifli ◽  
M.H. Bejo ◽  
A. Kamyab
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Stress Indicators

Effect of dietary nano-selenium on stress indicators, immune response, and DNA damage in broiler subjected to different stocking density

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ö. Sevim* ◽  
U. Ahsan ◽  
O. Tatlı ◽  
E. Kuter ◽  
E. Karimiyan Khamseh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Stress Indicators

scholarly journals The importance of nutrition in alleviating high stocking density stress in poultry

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Tuğçe Gül ◽  
Alpönder Yildiz ◽  
Osman Olgun
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract In recent decades, the number of birds reared per unit area has dramatically spiked to increase profitability in egg and meat production. However, nowadays, the increase in sensitivity to animal welfare and consumer demands brings along with it a raised interest in stocking density. Stocking density is defined either as the number of animals or body weight per unit area or as the area per animal. High stocking density, which is a stress factor, can be defined as an increase in the number of animals per unit area or a decrease in the area per animal. Stress caused by high stocking density negatively affects the bird’s physiology and performance as well as the quality of the product obtained. The ideal stocking density should be 9 laying hens, 35 kilogrammes for broilers, and 45 quails per square metre. Otherwise, one will observe stress indicators in birds reared in more than the recommended stocking density per unit area and, consequently, a decrease in bird growth, egg production, feed efficiency, and egg or meat quality. Apart from increasing the concentrations of amino acids such as lysine, methionine, tryptophan and arginine, minerals such as selenium and chromium, and vitamins such as C and E in the diet, the addition of additives such as probiotics, humates, phytophenol compounds, and propolis is also effective in reducing or eliminating these negative effects caused by high stocking density. As a result, regulations in the nutrition of animals are effective in reducing/preventing such negative effects, thus improving animal welfare and ensuring the maintenance of optimum yield.

scholarly journals CONDITION FACTOR OF NILE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUSFRY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN LEVELS IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Wilfred O. Zablon ◽  
◽  
Albert Getabu ◽  
Erick O. Ogello ◽  
Job O. Omweno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lower Protein

The study was conducted at Kenya Marine Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), Sangoro Station, Kenya to compare the growth perfomance of Oreochromis niloticusfry under different protein levels in a biofloc system using weight-length regression models and Fulton`s condition factor (K). Fry of initial mean weight 0.07 ± 0.03 g and length 1.30 ± 0.24 cm were randomly stocked in 18 aquarium tanks with capacity of 50 litres at stocking density of one fish Litre-1. The experiment was set in a greenhouse under controlled temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions using aerators and thermostat heaters. The biofloc used glucose and molasses as carbon sources which were assigned at 22%, 27% and 35% crude protein levels randomly to the aquaria. The fish were fed on their daily ration twice a day at 5% body weight for 14 weeks. Physicochemical parameters were recorded daily using a multiparameter meter and water samples collected before fish sampling for nutrient analysis. A sample of 30 fish per tank were used for taking body weight and total length measurements using an electronic balance and a measuring board respectively. Fry in all treatments exhibited allometric growth with b coefficient varying between 2.54 and 2.66. Average Fultons condition factor ranged between 1.77-1.84 with no significant difference (P>0.05)among the protein levels and the bioflocs. The condition factor showed both carbon sources were suitable for use in the biofloc system and hence replacement of higher protein level (35%) with lower protein level (22%) to reduce the production cost is a feasible application of the biofloc system in fish farming.

scholarly journals The effect of stocking density on certain broiler welfare parameters

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenka Skrbic ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
M. Lukic ◽  
L. Peric ◽  
N. Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Stocking Density ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Total Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Gait Score ◽  
Foot Pad

In broiler production, stocking density, i.e. floor surface per chicken, is very important welfare factor which directly and indirectly influences and determines the level of growth of chicken body weight, but it is also related to other welfare indicators. Objective of the paper was to define the broiler welfare in different stocking densities by evaluation of their walking ability (gait score), feathering, incidence and degree of hock burns, foot pad lesions, and by determination of the biochemical blood parameters (glucose concentration, total cholesterol concentration), as indicators of condition of stress. One day old chickens of Hubbard genotype were housed in boxes in floor rearing system, in 3 stocking densities and 5 repetitions of each treatment. Treatment A scored stocking density of 10 birds/m2; treatment B, 13 birds/m2 and treatment C, 16 birds/m2. Results of the trial indicate absence of significance of differences between trial groups of broilers in regard to their walking ability, condition of skin and legs, and stress indicators. In general, broiler welfare in all trial groups was satisfactory. However, determined tendencies of worsening of the condition of litter, increase of the frequency of lower scores for walking ability (gait score), hock burns and foot pad lesions which occur with increase of stocking density, indicate the importance of this rearing factor and need to define limiting stocking densities from the aspect of broiler welfare but also economical efficiency of production. .

scholarly journals Stress Indicator, Carcass Composition, and Meat Cholesterol of Kampung-Broiler Crossbred Chicken Treated By Different Stocking Density

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Bayu Adhitya Nugraha ◽  
Rudi Afnan ◽  
Sri Darwati ◽  
Tuti Suryati
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Humidity Index

This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress indicator, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol content of kampung–broiler crossbred chicken. Anamount of 90 DOCs of crossbred kampung-broiler (KB) were placed into 9 plots sized 1x1 m2 in semi closed house that consist of 3 stocking densities 8, 10 and 12 birds m-2 and respectively 3 replicates. The chickens were fed commercial broiler feed. Approximately ± 30% roosters slaughtered for analysis of malondialdehyde, carcass quality, and meat cholesterol. Malondialdehyde, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol was completely randomized designed with different stocking densities treatments and three replicates. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and had previously been tested for requirement of variance test assumption. Data of temperature humidity index (THI) was descriptively explained. The results showed that the effect of different stocking densities on stress indicator reflected by THI value and MDA content, carcass composition (percentage of carcass and abdominal fat weight), and cholesterol level were not significant. The different of stocking densities (8, 10 and 12 birds m-2) did not affect the stress indicators reflected by THI and MDA level, carcass composition and meat cholesterol level. Kampung-broiler crossbred chicken could develop at 8, 10 or 12 birds m-2 densities since the lower of abdominal fat and meat cholesterol were resulted

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