scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Body Temperature and its Response to Short-Term Acute Heat Stress in Broilers

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESSAM EL-GENDY ◽  
KENNETH W. WASHBURN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acute Heat Stress

Genetic variation in resistance of the preimplantation bovine embryo to heat shock

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cellular Function ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Embryonic Genome Activation ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Genome Activation

Reproduction is among the physiological functions in mammals most susceptible to disruption by hyperthermia. Many of the effects of heat stress on function of the oocyte and embryo involve direct effects of elevated temperature (i.e. heat shock) on cellular function. Mammals limit the effects of heat shock by tightly regulating body temperature. This ability is genetically controlled: lines of domestic animals have been developed with superior ability to regulate body temperature during heat stress. Through experimentation in cattle, it is also evident that there is genetic variation in the resistance of cells to the deleterious effects of elevated temperature. Several breeds that were developed in hot climates, including Bos indicus (Brahman, Gir, Nelore and Sahiwal) and Bos taurus (Romosinuano and Senepol) are more resistant to the effects of elevated temperature on cellular function than breeds that evolved in cooler climates (Angus, Holstein and Jersey). Genetic differences are expressed in the preimplantation embryo by Day 4–5 of development (after embryonic genome activation). It is not clear whether genetic differences are expressed in cells in which transcription is repressed (oocytes >100 µm in diameter or embryos at stages before embryonic genome activation). The molecular basis for cellular thermotolerance has also not been established, although there is some suggestion for involvement of heat shock protein 90 and the insulin-like growth factor 1 system. Given the availability of genomic tools for genetic selection, identification of genes controlling cellular resistance to elevated temperature could be followed by progress in selection for those genes within the populations in which they exist. It could also be possible to introduce genes from thermotolerant breeds into thermally sensitive breeds. The ability to edit the genome makes it possible to design new genes that confer protection of cells from stresses like heat shock.

scholarly journals SHORT TERM ACUTE HEAT STRESS IN RABBITS: FUNCTIONAL, METABOLIC AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
  Amici A. ◽  
Franci O. ◽  
Mastroiacono P. ◽  
Merendino N ◽  
Nardini M. Tomassi G.
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Immunological Effects

scholarly journals Effects of Feed Removal during Acute Heat Stress on the Cytokine Response and Short-Term Growth Performance in Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Kouassi R. Kpodo ◽  
Alan W. Duttlinger ◽  
Jacob M. Maskal ◽  
Betty R. McConn ◽  
Jay S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Response ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Interleukin 1Α

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of feed removal during acute heat stress (HS) on the cytokine response and its short-term effect on growth performance in finishing pigs. Thirty-two pigs (93.29 ± 3.14 kg initial body weight; 50% barrows and 50% gilts) were subjected to thermoneutral (TN; 23.47 ± 0.10 °C; n = 16 pigs) or HS (cycling of 25 to 36 °C; n = 16 pigs) conditions for 24 h. Within each temperature treatment, 50% of the pigs were provided with feed (AF; n = 8 pigs/temperature treatment) and 50% of the pigs had no feed access (NF; n = 8 pigs/temperature treatment). Following the 24 h temperature and feeding treatment (TF) period, all pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water and were maintained under TN conditions for 6 d. During the first 12 h of the TF period, gastrointestinal (TGI) and skin (Tsk) temperatures were recorded every 30 min. Serum cytokines were determined at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h during the TF period and on Days 3 and 6 of the post-TF period. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake were measured on Days 1, 3, and 6 of the post-TF period. Behavioral data were collected from Days 1 to 6 of the post-TF period. Heat stress increased (p < 0.02) the TGI and Tsk. During the post-TF period, interleukin-1α was greater (p < 0.01) in HS + NF compared to HS + AF and TN + NF pigs. From Days 1 to 2 of the post-TF period, the ADG was reduced (p < 0.01) in TN + AF compared to HS + AF, HS + NF, and TN + NF pigs. In conclusion, feed removal during an acute HS challenge did not reduce the cytokine response or improve short-term growth performance in finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Acute Heat Stress on Physiological Responses and Heat Shock Proteins of Hanwoo Steer (Korean Cattle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Youl-Chang Baek ◽  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Jin-Young Jeong ◽  
Young-Kyoon Oh ◽  
Sung-Dae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Korean Cattle ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals Effect of Acute Heat Stress on Protein Expression and Histone Modification in The Adrenal Gland of Male Layer-Type Country Chickens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Teng Zheng ◽  
Zi-Xuan Zhuang ◽  
Chao-Jung Chen ◽  
Hsin-Yi Liao ◽  
Hung-Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Susceptible Group

Abstract The adrenal gland responds to heat stress by epinephrine and glucocorticoid release to alleviate the adverse effects. This study investigated the effect of acute heat stress on the protein profile and histone modification in the adrenal gland of layer-type country chickens. A total of 192 30-week-old roosters were subject to acute heat stress. A resistant group and a susceptible group were identified according to body temperature change after heat stress. Adrenal glands were collected for global protein expression and histone modification analysis. The results indicated that fatty acid amide hydrolase and parathymosin were downregulated, whereas somatostatin, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, hydroxy-δ-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid δ-isomerase 1, and prostaglandin E synthase 3 were upregulated in the resistant group. Histone modification analysis identified 115 histone markers. The tri-methylation state of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) was significantly more abundant in the susceptible group and showed positive crosstalk with K36me and K37me in the H3 tails. Roosters in the heat-resistant group exhibited lower hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis activity but higher reactivity to maintain body temperature homeostasis. Alteration of adrenal H3K27me3 level was associated with the endocrine function of adrenal H3K27me3 and may have contributed to the thermotolerance of chickens.

scholarly journals Impact of vitamin C on concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones in lambs under short-term acute heat stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Omidi ◽  
Masoumeh Kheirie ◽  
Hadi Sarir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Humidity Index

The present study evaluated the effect of vitamin C on alteration in thyroid hormones induced by short-term acute heat stress. Eight male lambs were divided into two groups of 4 animals each. Both groups were placed in an environment with hyper-acute heat stress based on the temperature – humidity index (THI). Groups I and II were injected intramuscularly normal saline and vitamin C (20 mg/kg), respectively, for the first five consecutive days of the experiment. All lambs were fed ad libitum. Blood samples were collected from both groups on days one, two, four, six and eight. Thyroxine and free thyroxine numerically increased (91.03 vs. 70.78 nmol L-1, P=0.080 and 29.8 vs. 24.8 pmol L-1, P=0.080; respectively) in heat stressed lambs supplemented with vitamin C compared to control group. Respiration rates and heart rates were elevated until day five of the experiment and then decreased. Mechanism for increasing the levels of thyroxine and free thyroxine by vitamin C is not well known. However, it may occur in part because of vitamin C antioxidant properties. The present study revealed that vitamin C might ameliorate the adverse effect of heat stress in lambs.

Contribution of gular flutter to evaporative cooling in Japanese quail

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Weathers ◽  
D. C. Schoenbaechler
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Cooling Mechanism

Oxygen consumption, body temperature (Tb), and evaporative water loss (mwe) were determined in intact Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix), and in quail in which the hyoid musculature responsible for gular flutter had been surgically transected several days prior to study. Abolishing gular flutter reduced total mwe by an average of 20% at air temperatures (Ta) above 40 degrees C. Treated birds developed a significantly greater degree of hyperthermia during acute heat stress than the controls and, unlike the controls, were unable to maintain Tb less than Ta above 40 degrees C. These data demonstrate that gular flutter represents a significant cooling mechanism in heat-stressed quail.

scholarly journals The impact of short-term acute heat stress on the rumen microbiome of Hanwoo steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Youl Chang Baek ◽  
Hyuck Choi ◽  
Jin-Young Jeong ◽  
Sung Dae Lee ◽  
Min Ji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
The Impact
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