scholarly journals Weight Gain, Carcass Yield, and Composition of Large White Male Turkeys Reared to 28 Weeks of Age on Growing and Finishing Diets with Varying Levels of Dietary Protein

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. SUMMERS ◽  
D. SPRATT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
White Male ◽  
Large White ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Finishing Diets

scholarly journals Weight Gain and Breast Yield of Large White Male Turkeys Fed Diets Varying in Protein Content

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1547-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. SUMMERS ◽  
STARR JACKSON ◽  
DIANE SPRATT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
White Male ◽  
Large White

The influence of castration on the growth of male pigs in relation to high levels of dietary protein

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. D. Prescott ◽  
G. E. Lamming
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Large White ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Plot Experiment

1. A factorial split-plot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth of entire and castrate male pigs on conventional diets and diets containing higher levels of protein. Thirty-two Large White pigs were fed ad libitum from 50 lb to slaughter at 260 lb live weight. The carcasses were dissected.2. The live-weight gain of entire males was the same as that of castrates on the conventional diet, but they grew non-significantly faster than castrates on the higher protein diet.3. The entire males had a lower dressing percentage and less fat in the carcass than the castrates, but more lean, bone and rind, and a similar lean: bone ratio. The leanness of the entire males was increased on the higher level of dietary protein whereas the leanness of the castrates was unaffected except in the leg. The interactions were not significant.4. The carcasses of the entire males were proportionately heavier in the head and shoulders and lighter in the middle than those of the castrates.5. The majority of the entire males had flesh with a slightly tainted flavour.

scholarly journals Quality evaluation of pigs fed poultry by-products

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Fakolade ◽  
S. A. Adeoye ◽  
T. R. Akinloye ◽  
E. T. Oluwasola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Male ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Large White ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
By Products

Effect of consuming solely poultry-by-products by grower pigs, instead of conventional feeds was the focus of this study. Thirty–six Large White male pigs of 6 weeks 5.7 – 7.5kg were fed Boiled Dead Birds (BDB) (T3), Boiled Hatchery Waste BHW (T2) and conventional pig food PKC (T1). Thus, there were three treatments with 12 pigs per treatment. The pigs were reared for 10 weeks over which the chemical composition, performance and digestibility studies, carcass and organ function, serum and haematological status, and physico – chemical analysis and palatability were evaluated. The study was arranged as a completely randomized design. Daily weight gain, daily feed intake and body weight gain had highest (P<0.05) values of 107.45g. 105.31g and 4513.00g inT1 compared to T2 (37.52g, 63.39g and 1580.00g) and T3 (60.00g, 63.30g and 2520.00g) respectively. Pigs on T3 performed best in physico – chemical evaluation having the lowest (P<0.05) for thermal and cold shortening, cooking loss and thaw rigor but highest (P<0.05) values for water holding capacity than for T1 and T2. Lymphocyte values and white blood cell were best for T3 while T1 had highest in monophils. The T3 had lowest significant cholesterol value (106.80 mg/dL), than T2 (336.76 mg/dL) and T1 (123.88 mg/dL) while T1 did best (P<0.05) in glucose content (84.92 mg/dL), compared to T2 (60.22 md/dL) and T1 (66.63 mg/dL). The T1 had the highest palatability scores (P<0.05) for palatability status than T2 and T3. T1 performed bestin palatability scores, performance evaluation and carcass and organ characteristics, while T2 and T3 led to higher physico – chemical properties, serum and haematological parameters, which had positive significant effect on the health status of the pigs.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF RAPESEED MEAL AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN FOR TURKEYS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Summers ◽  
W. F. Pepper ◽  
E. T. Moran Jr. ◽  
H. S. Bayley
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Utilization Data ◽  
The Difference

Rations containing 10, 20 and 30% of rapeseed meal respectively were fed to Large White turkeys starting at 1 day of age. The results at 56 days showed a significant linear decrease in weight gain and feed utilization when compared with an isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn–soybean basal diet. Steam-pelleting the diets reduced the difference in weight depression observed between the control and rapeseed meal diets as compared with similar diets fed in the form of mash. At 113 days, the levels of rapeseed meal in the diets were reduced in order to maintain desired dietary protein levels. Weight gain and feed utilization were still significantly lower at market age for the rapeseed-fed birds as compared with those on the control diet. Analyzing the weight-gain and feed-utilization data from 57 days to the conclusion of the experiment suggested that most of the adverse effects of rapeseed meal were encountered with birds up to 56 days of age.

Effects of Increased Dietary Protein and Energy on Composition and Functional Capacities of Blood Mononuclear Cells from Vaccinated, Neonatal Calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foote ◽  
Nonnecke† ◽  
Waters ◽  
Palmer ◽  
Beitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Functional Capacities

Effects of increased protein and energy provided by an intensified milk replacer on the antigen-specific, cell-mediated immune response of the neonatal calf were examined. Calves were fed a standard (0.45 kg/day of a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) or intensified (1.14 kg/day of a 28% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) diet from 0 to 6 weeks of age. All calves were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at 1 week of age. The daily weight gain of intensified-diet calves (0.62 kg/day) was greater than the weight gain of standard-diet calves (0.29 kg/day). Liver, kidney, heart, thymus, and subcervical lymph nodes from intensified-diet calves were heavier than the same organs from standard-diet calves. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations indicated that CD4+ cells, gamma delta TCR+ cells, and monocyte percentages, although unaffected by diet during the first 5 weeks of the study, were higher in intensified-diet calves at week 6. The decline in gamma deltad TCR+ cell percentages and increase in B cell percentages with increasing age seen in all calves are characteristic of the maturing immune system of the calf. CD8+ T cell or B cell percentages were not affected by diet. In intensified-diet calves, percentages of CD4+ expressing interleukin-2 receptor increased and percentages of gamma delta TCR+ cells expressing interleukin-2 receptor decreased with time. The same populations in standard-diet calves did not change with time. Percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells expressing MHC class II antigen, were unaffected by diet or age. Although mitogen-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma and nitric oxide (NO) secretion increased with age for all calves, PBMC from intensified-diet calves produced less IFN-gamma and more NO than did cells from standard-diet calves at week 6 of the study. Antigen-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and NO also increased with age but was unaffected by diet. Antigen-elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity was unaffected by diet, suggesting increased dietary protein and energy did not alter adaptive immunity in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that feeding calves a commercially available, intensified milk replacer affects minimally the composition and functional capacities of PBMC populations. Additional research is necessary to determine whether these subtle effects influence the calf’s susceptibility to infectious disease.

scholarly journals Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleujosí da Silva Nunes ◽  
Gilberto Moraes ◽  
Fernando Fabrizzi ◽  
Araceli Hackbarth ◽  
Gustavo Alberto Arbeláez-Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Randomized Design

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s-1), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.

scholarly journals Influence of gender on carcass yield of twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey at 56 days of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1084
Author(s):  
I. del C. García-Osorio ◽  
J. Oliva-Hernández ◽  
M.M. Osorio-Arce ◽  
G. Torres-Hernández ◽  
J. A. Hinojosa-Cuéllar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the influence of gender on pre-weaning growth, yield and weight of primal cuts of the carcass of Blackbelly x Pelibuey lambs. 16 twin lambs were used. The lamb gender was the fixed factor. The variables evaluated were: body weight at birth and at weaning, average daily weight gain, weight and yield of carcass and primal cuts: neck, arm, thorax, abdomen and leg. Gender did not affect (P>0.05) body weight at birth. However, the pre-weaning average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning were affected (P<0.05) by the gender. Hot carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected (P>0.05) by the gender of the lamb. Nevertheless, the area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and cavity fat were different between males and females (P<0.05) 11.5±0.73cm2 and 198±0.05 g vs 9.3±0.73cm2 and 282±0.05g, respectively. In conclusion, in twin lambs Blackbelly x Pelibuey males had greater average daily weight gain and body weight at weaning than females. Carcass yield and weight and primal cuts were not affected by the gender of the lamb. However, males had greater area of the L. dorsi muscle than females and these in turn had a greater amount of cavity fat than males.

The protein and energy nutrition of the pig. V. The effect of varying the protein and energy levels in the ‘finishing diets’ of heavy pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Energy Level ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Carcass Measurement

1. A feeding trial was carried out using fortyeight Large White pigs, individually fed in a Danish type piggery. Six different diets prepared at two levels of digestible energy and three levels of crude protein were fed to eight replicates consisting of four hogs and four gilts per replicate. A record was maintained of the weekly live-weight gain and food was given at a defined restricted level in relation to the live weight. Carcass quality was assessed by complete dissection into visible lean, fat and bone etc.2. Of the main effects, energy, supply was without significant effect upon growth, food conversion efficiency (FCE) or any carcass characteristics except body length which was increased with a high energy level. The protein level in the diet had a significant effect upon the percentage of carcass lean and the killing-out percentage, the higher levels of protein increasing both these measurements significantly. Gilts were significantly superior to hogs in every carcass measurement although hogs grew significantly faster.

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Protein during the Pre-Breeder Period on Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Large White Turkeys

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. MEYER ◽  
C.F. PROPS ◽  
A.T. LEIGHTON ◽  
H.P. VAN KREY ◽  
L.M. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Large White

scholarly journals Increased dietary protein in the second trimester of gestation increases live weight gain and carcass composition in weaner calves to 6 months of age

animal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. Miguel-Pacheco ◽  
L.D. Curtain ◽  
C. Rutland ◽  
L. Knott ◽  
S.T. Norman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Live Weight Gain
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