scholarly journals The Influence of Dietary Energy and Amino Acid Levels on Abdominal Fat Pad Development of the Broiler Chicken

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. MABRAY ◽  
P.W. WALDROUP
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

scholarly journals Soybean Lecithin High in Free Fatty Acids for Broiler Chicken Diets: Impact on Performance, Fatty Acid Digestibility and Saturation Degree of Adipose Tissue

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Viñado ◽  
Castillejos ◽  
Barroeta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of soybean lecithin with a high free fatty acid content (L) in starter and grower–finisher broiler diets, as well as its influence on performance, energy and fatty acid (FA) utilization and the FA profile of the abdominal fat pad (AFP). A basal diet was supplemented with soybean oil (S; Experiment 1) or acid oil (AO; Experiment 2) at 3%, and increasing amounts of L (1%, 2% and 3%) were included in replacement. The inclusion of L did not modify performance parameters (p > 0.05). The S replacement by L reduced energy and total FA utilization (p ≤ 0.05) in starter diets; however, in grower–finisher diets, a replacement up to 2% did not modify energy and FA utilization (p > 0.05). The AO substitution by L produced no modifications on energy and FA utilization (p > 0.05) during the starter phase, while the blend of 1% of AO and 2% of L resulted in the best combination in terms of the FA digestibility. The FA profile of the AFP reflected the FA composition of diets. The addition of L could replace, up to 2% or be blended with AO in broiler grower–finisher diets as an energy source.

Dietary supplements of methionine increase breast meat yield and decrease abdominal fat in growing broiler chickens

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Breast Meat

The response of male broiler chickens to graded amounts of an essential amino acid (methionine) or an amino acid analogue (methionine hydroxy analogue free acid, MHA-FA) was examined in this experiment. The effects of each supplement on food intake, food conversion and the masses of a demand tissue (breast meat) and an indicator of body fat (abdominal fat pad) were measured. Birds grew significantly faster, ate more and had a lower food conversion ratio when there was more DL-methionine or MHA-FA in the diet. After standardising the differences in food intake between treatments, there were still highly significant differences in liveweight between diets. After removing the variation due to treatment differences in body mass, the data showed that adding either DL-methionine or MHA-FA to the diet increased the mass of breast meat and reduced the size of the abdominal fat pad. Exponential equations fitted to the body mass and feed conversion ratio data indicate that, in an equimolar comparison, MHA-FA is 78 and 70% as potent as DL-methionine for growth and feed conversion ratio respectively. Similar equations fitted to the carcass data show that MHA-FA is only 71% as potent as DL-methionine in depositing breast tissue. Increasing amounts of DL-methionine reduced the variability in liveweight and carcass, breast and abdominal fat pad weights. Adding 0.05% MHA-FA reduced variability in these traits compared with the basal ration but higher amounts of MHA-FA had no additional effect.

Influences of dietary energy and protein on leucine kinetics during feeding in healthy adults

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E282-E291 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Gibson ◽  
A. Fereday ◽  
M. Cox ◽  
D. Halliday ◽  
P. J. Pacy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Leucine Kinetics ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Protein Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Ten adult men were infused with L-[1-13C]leucine for 9 h commencing in the postabsorptive state (PA, 0-3 h), during the half-hourly feeding of low-protein meals (LP, protein = 2% calories, 3-6 h), and during feeding isoenergetic high-protein meals (HP, protein = 14% calories, 6-9 h). Leucine oxidation and turnover (protein synthesis and degradation) were determined from plasma alpha-[1-13C]ketoisocaproate enrichment and expired 13CO2 excretion measured during the third hour of each 3-h period. Plasma insulin increased markedly with feeding to a level that was maintained with both diets. The negative postabsorptive leucine balance became less negative during the LP meals (P < 0.01) and was positive with the HP meals (P < 0.01). The significant responses to feeding (all P < 0.01) were for oxidation -13% (PA-LP), +50% (LP-HP), and +29% (PA-HP); for degradation -24% (PA-LP), -30% (LP-HP), and -47% (PA-HP); and for synthesis -14% (PA-LP), +29% (LP-HP), and +11% (PA-HP). These data support a feeding mechanism involving both an insulin-mediated, protein-conserving influence of dietary energy that inhibits degradation, lowers amino acid levels, and reduces oxidation, and amino acid-mediated augmentation of the inhibition of degradation, a stimulation of synthesis, and an increase in oxidation when leucine dietary supply exceeds the capacity for its net deposition.

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