scholarly journals The Energy Requirements and Performance of Growing Chickens and Turkeys as Affected by Environmental Temperature

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2290-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HURWITZ ◽  
M. WEISELBERG ◽  
U. EISNER ◽  
I. BARTOV ◽  
G. RIESENFELD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
And Performance

Energy Needs of Athletes

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. S202-S219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
And Performance ◽  
True Energy

Each athlete has unique energy requirements, which underpin their ability to meet total nutritional goals. For everyday dietary planning and evaluation, energy requirements can be predicted via estimations of RMR and activity levels. Research methods such as indirect calorimetry and DLW allow energy requirements to be measured, and may be useful to confirm situations in which an athlete has a true energy balance anomaly. There is some evidence that individual athletes may have reduced energy requirements, although this occurs less frequently than is reported. Most self-reports of food intake substantially under-estimate energy intake, due to under-reporting or under-eating during the period of record keeping. Many athletes are over-focused on reducing body mass and body fat below levels that are consistent with long-term health and performance. Restrained eating can cause significant detrimental outcomes to body function. Leptin may be involved in modulating or mediating some of these changes. Athletes should use their energy budget to choose foods that provide macronutrient and micronutrient needs for optimal health and performance. Practical advice may help athletes to achieve energy intake challenges.

Choice feeding to characterise genotypes in pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
J.M.F. Wilson ◽  
O.I. Southwood ◽  
H.A.M. van der Steen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Choice Feeding

The choice feeding of pigs has been shown in many experiments to allow the individual pig to express its own needs and thereby grow more efficiently and show its full potential.The objective of this experiment was to test whether pigs representing 7 distinct genotypes, including Large White, Landrace, Pietrain, Duroc and Meishan, were able to select their dietary crude protein (CP) in relation to energy requirements under a choice feeding regime, and whether these differences were related to growth and performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of High Environmental Temperature on Feed Passage Time and Performance Traits of White Pekin Ducks

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 2322-2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELLEN K. WILSON ◽  
FRANK W. PIERSON ◽  
PATRICIA Y. HESTER ◽  
R.L. ADAMS ◽  
W.J. STADELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
High Environmental Temperature ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Behavior of an asphalt mixture MDC-19 under the cycles of ambient temperature in the city of Tunja, Colombia

Respuestas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Carol Rosabeth Sanabria Sanabria ◽  
Carlos Hernando Higuera Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Cycles ◽  
Weather Factor ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of

The weather factor plays an important role in the behavior and performance of asphalt mixtures as a surface layer in a flexible pavement structure, not just from the moisture, but also from the environmental temperature. Asphalt layers of the flexible pavements in Tunja city exposes daily to environmental temperature variations, which usually occur when the highest temperatures are reached during the daytime, and the lowest temperatures appear at night and early morning time. Firstly, this research is based , on the definition of the environmental temperature cycles that occur daily in Tunja City, from the analysis of the temperature series. Subsequently, the analysis was done through laboratory tests on an asphalt mix MDC-19 INVIAS type, made and compacted in the laboratory, to determine the influence of the cycles of environmental temperature on its density, stability and flow properties, during 120 daily and continuous temperature cycles, which consist of 12 hours of maximum temperature and 12 hours of minimum temperature to simulate the environmental conditions. As a result of this investigation, the presentation density is presented, presenting a tendency to increase the measurement that increases the temperature cycles and then a decrease in the briquettes of the mixture that have sometimes been until the last cycles. Variations in the resistance to deformation of the analysis mixture were obtained as the ambient temperature cycles were sometimes made, which concludes that the ambient temperature cycles have an influence on the behavior of the asphalt mixture.

Mitigation of Performance Decrement in Transient Extreme Heat

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
P. A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Performance Variation ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Consistent Mapping ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

This paper examines the effect of operator skill level upon performance in transient extreme heat. Previous work has indicated that task familiarity is beneficial in prolonging efficient performance in elevated environmental temperature. It is proposed that such familiarity is subsumed by automated responses, with respect to consistent components of individual task demands. These components, developed through consistent mapping of stimulus and response relationships, remain essentially unimpaired by the thermal stressor. In contrast, heat may induce potentially dangerous decrement in both inconsistent elements of practiced tasks and performance in novel or emergency situations. The automatic and control processing framework may be applied to performance variation under alternate environmental stressors and is of potential importance to those who have occasion to require personnel to operate in non-optimal environmental conditions.

scholarly journals PSI-B-41 Late-Breaking: Effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body composition, and environmental temperature on the basal metabolic rate of working Labrador Retrievers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 317-318
Author(s):  
Jessica L Varney ◽  
Jason W Fowler ◽  
Jordan T Weil ◽  
Charlene F Watson ◽  
Mary Ann Boggess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Labrador Retrievers ◽  
Effect Of Age

Abstract As the pet industry continues to grow, understanding the needs of different demographics of canines is becoming increasingly important to ensure optimal nutrition. Energy requirements have been shown to vary based on individual factors, but few trials using many dogs under the same controls exist. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of age, sex, reproductive status, body composition, and environmental temperature on the BMR of Labrador Retrievers (Labs). An open-circuit indirect calorimetry machine attached to a chamber was used to determine resting BMR in 96 Labs. Body composition in 33 Labs of varying age was determined using DXA scans to determine effect of lean/fat mass on BMR. Cooling and heating implements were applied to the chamber to determine temperature effect on BMR. Each of the following demographics were compared using a mixed model: male, female, intact, altered, young (6mo-2yo), adult (3-6yo), and senior (7yo+). Mean BMR for all dogs was 130 (27) kcal/kg0.75. Males were significantly higher at 136 (28) kcal/kg0.75 than females at 125 (25) kcal/kg0.75 (P = 0.045). Intact Labs were significantly higher at 121 (3) kcal/kg0.75 compared to altered Labs at 109 (25) kcal/kg0.75 (P < 0.001). Young and adult Labs had BMRs of 136 (19) kcal/kg0.75 and 135 (29) kcal/kg0.75, respectively, which was significantly higher than seniors at 120 (26) kcal/kg0.75. Body composition comparisons showed significant negative linear relationships between BMR and fat mass (P < 0.001) and positive linear relationships between BMR and lean mass (P < 0.001). BMR was found to have a negative linear relationship (R2=0.51) from cool to warm temperatures but was elevated at both cold (< 5°C) and hot (>35°C) temperatures (P < 0.001). The determination of energy requirements found in this study prove useful as the pet industry develops diets specific to the needs of different demographics of canines.

scholarly journals Temperature and daily emergence of seven genera of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) in a cloud forest stream of tropical Andes

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
María M. Chacón ◽  
Samuel Segnini ◽  
Daniela Briceño
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Forest Stream ◽  
Emergence Traps ◽  
Two Peaks

Daily emergence of mayflies in Neotropical rivers and their causes have been poorly studied. In temperate zones, this process is better known and attributed to several factors. In this work, we studied the daily emergence of subimagines of several Ephemeroptera genera in La Picón River of a Venezuelan Andean cloud forest and its relation with changes of environmental temperature. Four emergence traps were placed along a reach of 50 m of the stream, each one was examined each two hours in a 24 hr cycle to capture the newly emerged subimagos. This procedure was repeated for eight dates between November-2007 and February-2008 for a total of 32 observations in each sampling hour. The subimagos were reared to adults and identified to genus. The relative density of emergence per trap was calculated for each genus and sampling hour. Water and air temperature were measured each hour during the daily cycle of observation, and the averages of temperature and hour-degrees of air and water were calculated for each hour from the eight dates studied. Seven genera were identified: Leptohyphes Eaton, 1882 and Haplohyphes Allen 1966 (Leptophlebiidae); Prebaetodes Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, 1996, Andesiops Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, 1999, Baetodes Needham and Murphy, 1924 and Americabaetis Kluge, 1992 (Baetidae); and Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Leptophlebiidae); being the more abundant Leptohyphes (38.4 %) and Thraulodes (20.5 %). The emergence occurred between 11:00 am and 23:00 pm showing the following: a) an emergence initiated during daylight hours by organisms of Leptohyphes, Prebaetodes and Haplohyphes; b) a nocturnal emergence, in Thraulodes, Andesiops, Baetodes and Americabaetis; and c) two peaks: one diurnal produced by Leptohyphes and other nocturnal with predominance of Thraulodes. These results are the first records on the diurnal daily emergence in Andesiops, Prebaetodes, Americabaetis, Haplohyphes, and Leptohyphes, as well as the nocturnal emergence in Thraulodes. It was evidenced that Leptohyphes, with small nymphs (average head width = 1.05 mm) needed to accumulate less hour-degrees to initiate the emergence than those required by Thraulodes whose nymphs are larger (average head width = 2.01 mm). This disparity in the emergence energy requirements must be consequence of differences between the sizes of mature nymphs of both genera; facts which rely on the constancy of sizes shown by these taxa along an altitudinal-thermal gradient and the little daily and seasonal variability of water temperature in La Picón River. In the daily lapse when the emergence occurred, the air and water average temperatures were higher than those registered in the no-emergence lapse; therefore; it is suggested that during the daily lapse, when this process occurs, the environment is thermally favorable for the emergence of subimagos and their survival out of water. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document