scholarly journals Effects of PCBs, DDT, and Mercury Compounds upon Egg Production, Hatchability and Shell Quality in Chickens and Japanese Quail

1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Scott ◽  
J.R. Zimmermann ◽  
Susan Marinsky ◽  
P.A. Mullenhoff ◽  
G.L. Rumsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Mercury Compounds

Mergamma DB and phenylmercuric acetate: their effect on the reproduction of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
L. Wayne Dwernychuk ◽  
David H. Sheppard ◽  
Leslie E. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Phenylmercuric Acetate ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Mercury Compounds ◽  
Female Quail

A commercial seed fungicide–insecticide, Mergamma DB, and one of its constituents, phenylmercuric acetate, were fed to Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in the laboratory. Five levels of mercury (1.25, 2.50, 12.50, 25.00, and 50.00 ppm) mixed with laying meal were fed to birds during four 16-week experiments. Survival of female quail, egg production, and egg weight were significantly reduced at 50 ppm mercury (Mergamma DB as mercury source). Fertility, embryo viability, and hatchability were each significantly reduced at levels of 12.5 ppm mercury for both mercury compounds. Results showed that the Mergamma DB treatments produced more pronounced reproductive failure than phenylmercuric acetate. Breast muscle from treated birds and egg con tents contained significantly higher levels of mercury residue than in control birds, up to a maximum of 8.9 ppm in tissue and 2.3 ppm in eggs. Accumulation of mercury in male birds may have contributed to the significant decline m fertility of treated birds. Possible serious environmental implications of mercury seed treatments are discussed.

scholarly journals Dual-Purpose Poultry in Organic Egg Production and Effects on Egg Quality Parameters

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Marianne Hammershøj ◽  
Gitte Hald Kristiansen ◽  
Sanna Steenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Genotype A

Egg laying genotypes have been selected for generations due to their high yield and egg quality, resulting in efficient feed utilization and low body weight; hence, they are not suitable for meat production. This imposes an issue for the male layer chicks, which are killed at one day old. Because of ethical and food waste concerns, the search for suitable dual-purpose genotypes in order to avoid euthanasia of male day-old chicks has intensified. The aim of the present study is to evaluate potential dual-purpose genotypes for their egg quality compared to a representative egg laying genotype. Three dual-purpose genotypes with divergent characteristics were evaluated: genotype A represented an experimental crossbreed based on a broiler type male and an egg layer female, genotype B was a pure breed, and genotype C was a crossbreed of a layer type. These were compared to a control genotype D, which was an egg layer. Eggs were collected six times during the period of 21–54 weeks of hen age, i.e., a total of 1080 shell eggs were analyzed. Examined parameters were weights of egg, shell, yolk, and albumen, by calculating their relative proportions. Shell quality was assessed by shell strength, shell stiffness, and shell thickness. Yolk quality was determined as yolk color and inclusions of blood and meat spots, and albumen quality was evaluated in terms of pH and dry matter (DM) content. The egg layer genotype produced the smallest eggs with least blood and meat spot inclusions compared to that produced by the three dual-purpose genotypes. Shell quality was superior for the layer genotype. However, the experimental genotype A laid eggs of comparable shell quality, albumen DM, and yolk weight, but also with the darkest and most red-yellow colored yolk. The two other dual-purpose genotypes produced eggs of low-medium quality. In conclusion, the genotype A could serve as dual-purpose genotype from an egg quality perspective.

Assessing the response of hen weight, body composition, feather score, egg quality, and level of excreta nitrogen content to digestible balanced protein intake of laying hens

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
C. Raginski ◽  
K. Schwean-Lardner ◽  
H.L. Classen
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
N Content ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Level Of Significance

Ideally balanced dietary protein is critical for laying hen egg production and feed efficiency, but also affects other important characteristics. This research was designed to study the nonegg production and feed intake response of Lohmann-LSL Lite hens to 550, 625, 700, 775, and 850 mg d−1 of amino acid balanced digestible lysine (Dlys) from 27 to 66 wk of age. Data collection included hen weight (HW), feather scoring, tissue weights, egg specific gravity, egg component weights, and excreta nitrogen (N) content. The experiment was a completely randomized design and level of significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05. Hen weight (quadratic, Q), pectoralis muscle (absolute, % – Q), and abdominal fat (absolute – linear, L; % – Q) increased with increasing Dlys intake. Although gastrointestinal segment weights and lengths were affected by Dlys intake, interpretation of results was confounded by other aspects of diet composition. Hen feather score (L) and excreta N content (Q) increased, and egg shell quality (L) decreased with increasing Dlys intake. Absolute egg component weights increased with Dlys intake, but effects on proportional weights were Q and relatively minor. In conclusion, balanced Dlys intake affected a variety of practical nonproduction characteristics in laying hens.

ON THE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF CHICKENS FOR EGG PRODUCTION AND HATCHABILITY

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Pepper ◽  
S. J. Slinger ◽  
J. D. Summers ◽  
G. C. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Clear Cut

An experiment was made in an attempt to determine the availability of the phosphorus in soft phosphate as compared with that in dicalcium phosphate for laying hens fed a diet of natural ingredients. A high efficiency "all-vegetable" diet containing 0.38 per cent total phosphorus and an estimated 0.11 per cent nonphytin phosphorus was fed without added phosphorus and with sufficient dicalcium phosphate or soft phosphate to supply 0.05 and 0.1 per cent phosphorus. The calcium content of all diets was kept constant at 2.4 per cent.The results indicated that the inclusion of supplementary phosphorus did not improve egg production or feed required per dozen eggs. Differences were not demonstrated in body weight maintenance, egg weight, specific gravity of the eggs, hatchability, or bone ash at the end of a 44-week period of production.The results suggest the possibility that egg weight loss after 14 days’ incubation may have been influenced by supplementary phosphorus. Evidence for this effect was not clear-cut and more work appears desirable in this connection.It is concluded that it is not possible to assay feed phosphates for laying hens with diets of natural ingredients. It would also appear that a level of 0.38 per cent total phosphorus and 0.11 per cent nonphytin phosphorus is adequate for laying hens.Supplementation of an "all-vegetable" laying diet with Vigofac did not improve egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, egg-shell quality or hatchability.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Moringa oleifera Leaves and/or Seeds Powder on Production, Egg Characteristics, Hatchability and Blood Chemistry of Laying Japanese Quails

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwy A. Ashour ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Kholy ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽  
Laila A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
G Ratio

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves and/or seed powder on laying Japanese quail performance in terms of egg production, egg quality, blood serum characteristics, and reproduction. In total, 168 Japanese quails (120 hens and 48 males) at eight weeks of age in laying period were randomly distributed to four treatment groups, with six replicates per group and seven birds (five hens and two males) per replicate. The first group (G1) served as a control group, while G2, G3 and G4 groups were supplemented with M. oleifera leaves (ML) and M. oleifera seeds (MS) and their combination ((1 g/kg ML; 1 g/kg MS; and 1 ML g/kg + 1 MS g/kg (MSL), respectively). From the results, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, fertility and hatchability from fertile eggs, egg and yolk index, and Haugh unit were not affected by dietary treatments. However, egg production, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and hatchability were significantly increased and blood aspartate transaminase (AST) and urea decreased in the MS treatment. Both triglycerides and total cholesterol were reduced (p < 0.05) in all treatments with ML, MS, and MSL, with no significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, total protein, globulin, and A/G ratio among dietary treatment. Our results clearly indicated that the inclusion of M. oleifera seeds in Japanese quail diet significantly increased egg production and improved hatchability, along with some egg quality parameters, and also lowered some blood biochemical components.

Effect of perches and solid sides on production, plumage and foot condition of laying hens housed in conventional cages in a naturally ventilated shed

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Glatz ◽  
JL Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Shell Quality ◽  
Hot Weather

The effect of modified cages on production, shell quality, feather cover and foot condition was measured in 2 Australian commercial laying strains housed in a naturally ventilated laying shed from 18 to82 weeks of age. Two cage modifications were investigated. Firstly , the inclusion of a perch within the cage, and secondly, the installation of solid sides. Compared with normal cages, installation of a perch in a cage reduced food intake (5.3%) and liveweight (4.5% at 82 weeks) and improved feather cover around the vent (feather score of 2.15 to 2.66). This was offset by a decrease in egg production (2.4%), shell weight (1.5%) and thickness (11%), an increase in cracked (53.8%) and dirty eggs (28.9%), and an increase in claw length (9.2%). Relative to control cages, the provision of solid sides in cages improved overall feather cover of hens (feather score of 2.46 to 2.67), but there was a 54.5% increase in hen mortality during a period of hot weather. Additional modifications to the cage are required to optimise the benefit of perches. Similarly, improvement in ventilation and cooling in naturally ventilated sheds are required to maximise the benefits of solid-sided cages for hens and avoid heat stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document