scholarly journals The Role of Carotenols in Growth and Reproduction in the Fowl

1944 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E. Schumacher ◽  
H.M. Scott ◽  
J.S. Hughes ◽  
W.J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Reproduction

scholarly journals The Role of Inferent Hormones on Gonad Maturity Index and Growth of Ambon Betok Fish (Chrysiptera cyanea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Melani Andi ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Juharni Juharni
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

One type of marine ornamental fish that can be developed through cultivation is betok Ambon fish. Cultivation of this fish is quite profitable, and easy to maintain. To maintain the sustainability and sustainability of Betok Ambon fish farming, one way to take is to understand and know the growth and reproduction aspects of this type of fish through the provision of inferent hormones appropriately. Review article This aims to reveal the role of the inferent hormone on the aspects of reproduction and growth of Betok Ambon fish. Reproduction is the reproduction process in living things including Betok Ambon fish. The number of eggs produced by Betok Ambon fish varies between 900 and 3,500. Inferent hormone is one type of reproductive hormone that functions to spur and accelerate the level of gonad maturity in animals including fish. The determination of the inferent hormone dosage is based on the determination of the inferent dose in fish, generally around 10 mg - 80 mg or about 0.1 ml - 0.8 ml. Generally, fish that are given inferent hormone at a dose of 40-60 mg / l can increase the gonad maturity index by 25%, in betok Ambon fish by 30%. Inferent hormone doses around 20-40 mg can increase the growth and survival of ambon betok fish.

Individual Growth and Reproduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Ken H. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Asymptotic Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

This chapter develops descriptions of how individuals grow and reproduce. More specifically, the chapter seeks to determine the growth and reproduction rates from the consumption rate, by developing an energy budget of the individual as a function of size. To that end, the chapter addresses the question of how an individual makes use of the energy acquired from consumption. It sets up the energy budgets of individuals by formulating the growth model using so-called life-history invariants, which are parameters that do not vary systematically between species. While the formulation of the growth model in terms of life-history invariants is largely successful, there is in particular one parameter that is not invariant between life histories: the asymptotic size (maximum size) of individuals in the population. This parameter plays the role of a master trait that characterizes most of the variation between life histories.

Thermoregulation, growth, and reproduction in Alaskan collared lemmings: role of short day and cold

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. R522-R530 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Maier ◽  
D. D. Feist
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Reproductive Condition ◽  
Reproductive Morphology ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Dicrostonyx Groenlandicus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

To assess factors controlling seasonal thermoregulatory and reproductive changes, collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) were exposed for 16 wk to long day (LD, 22 h light: 2 h dark) and warm (15 +/- 3 degrees C), LD and cold (1 +/- 0.5 degrees C), short day (SD, 4 h light: 20 h dark) and warm, SD and cold or acclimatized to outdoor winter conditions (OUT). Hair length and color, body mass, and food intake were monitored weekly. Resting metabolic rates (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) were estimated several times by measuring oxygen consumption before and after norepinephrine injections. Body composition and reproductive condition were determined at the end of the experiment. SD and OUT groups had a 15.8% lower (P less than 0.01) RMR at 7 degrees C than the LD groups. Lower thermal conductance in SD and OUT animals appears due to molt to white winter pelage, which occurred by week 3 in SD but not in LD groups. Neither SD, cold, nor OUT altered NST or reproductive morphology. SD-exposed lemmings showed 19.2% greater growth than those in LD, resulting primarily from a 29.2 and 15.0% increase in lean and ash components, respectively. Cold exposure increased food intake by 34.7%. Results suggest that the pineal gland, which mediates SD effects, may influence molt and growth but not NST or reproductive morphology.

scholarly journals Genome analyses of a placozoan rickettsial endosymbiont show a combination of mutualistic and parasitic traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Kamm ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Osigus ◽  
Peter F. Stadler ◽  
Rob DeSalle ◽  
Bernd Schierwater
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

AbstractSymbiotic relationships between eukaryotic hosts and bacteria range from parasitism to mutualism and may deeply influence both partners’ fitness. The presence of intracellular bacteria in the metazoan phylum Placozoa has been reported several times, but without any knowledge about the nature of this relationship and possible implications for the placozoan holobiont. This information may be of crucial significance since little is known about placozoan ecology and how different species adapt to different environmental conditions, despite being almost invariable at the morphological level. We here report on the novel genome of the rickettsial endosymbiont of Trichoplax sp. H2 (strain “Panama”). The combination of eliminated and retained metabolic pathways of the bacterium indicates a potential for a mutualistic as well as for a parasitic relationship, whose outcome could depend on the environmental context. In particular we show that the endosymbiont is dependent on the host for growth and reproduction and that the latter could benefit from a supply with essential amino acids and important cofactors. These findings call for further studies to clarify the actual benefit for the placozoan host and to investigate a possible role of the endosymbiont for ecological separation between placozoan species.

Interannual variability of growth and reproduction inBursera simaruba: the role of allometry and resource variability

Ecology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Hulshof ◽  
James C. Stegen ◽  
Nathan G. Swenson ◽  
Carolyn A. F. Enquist ◽  
Brian J. Enquist
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Resource Variability ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Role of steroids and triterpenoids in the growth and reproduction ofPhytophthora cactorum

Lipids ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Nes ◽  
Gary A. Saunders ◽  
Erich Heftmann
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Reproduction

Ecological role of grapsid crabs in mangrove ecosystems: a review

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
And Function ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Recent research on Indo–Pacific mangroves has confirmed the significant role played by grapsid crabs in the structure and function of these ecosystems. Through the feeding activities of the crabs, large proportions of organic matter production, i.e. mangrove leaves, are recycled within the forest. This initial retention of production in the forest refines earlier estimates of tidal export from the mangroves. Crab-processed organic matter could also form the basis of a coprophagous food chain involving small invertebrates, or be re-exported as micro-particulates. Differential consumption by crabs of mangrove propagules also affects mangrove community structure by diminishing the relative abundance of species whose propagules are preferred foods. Bioturbation by the crabs also results in changes in surface topography, particle size distribution and degree of aeration and, thus, the concentration of phytotoxins in the substratum. Such changes could affect growth and production of the mangroves. Growth and reproduction of the crabs may in turn be influenced by the associated mangrove species, mainly through the provision of food. The semi-terrestrial and air-breathing habit of the grapsid crabs probably makes them tolerant of deoxygenation caused by organic enrichment, but development of the landward mangroves will strongly affect survival of the crabs.

Role of mycorrhizal infection in the growth and reproduction of wild vs. cultivated plants

Oecologia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Koide ◽  
Mingguang Li ◽  
James Lewis ◽  
Cherie Irby
Keyword(s):  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Effects of protein meal supplements on the growth and reproduction of Hereford heifers and cows grazing a native grass pasture in the subtropics

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
PJ Williamson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

In the coastal subtropics of New South Wales, pasture growth occurs mainly in summer, when 500-600 mm of rain is expected. During winter, pasture quality declines, with digestible organic matter content as low as 374 g/kg DM in August and nitrogen down to 6.5 g/kg DM. Growth and reproduction of British breed cattle is also low so that, in an attempt to increase these attributes, protein meal supplements were offered to Hereford heifers and cows over 5 years. Heifers without supplements lost liveweight during their first winter and none calved after being mated at 15 months of age to Hereford bulls during a 9-week joining period. During their second winter, 58% of the heifers calved and, over 5 mating seasons, their mean annual calving rate was 48%. Supplemented heifers gained liveweight during their first winter and 95% of them calved, after first-joining at 15 months of age. Over 5 years their mean calving rate was 85%. Delaying first-joining to 27 months of age, as determined by a second group also supplemented with protein meal, did not increase production or mean calving rate (81%) over 5 years. The 230-day adjusted liveweight of calves weaned from non-supplemented heifers was 138 kg, significantly (P< 0.01) less than the 179 �10 kg (mean � s.e.d.) for calves weaned from the supplemented early-calving group, or 198 kg for the supplemented late-calving group. The results highlight the limitation to cattle production imposed by the low levels of nitrogen and poorly digestible pasture, and emphasise the important role of protein meal supplements with added minerals in increasing production of breeding herds grazing unimproved pastures in the subtropics.

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