scholarly journals Farmers choice of pesticides for the management of whitefly of cotton in Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ali Ghori ◽  
Habib Anwar ◽  
Areeba Ghori
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Cotton Whitefly ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Minimum Numbers ◽  
Selection Of

Cotton, popularly known as white gold, is the king of natural fiber and an important cash crop of Pakistan which earns foreign exchange up to 11.7% and 2.9% of GDP. The present study was carried out in cotton growing areas of four divisions of Punjab to determine the choice of cotton growers for the selection of pesticides for the management of whitefly. The data of hot spots of whitefly were recorded twice a week from April to October during 2015, 2016 and 2017 by using the standard pest scouting method. The study revealed that an increase of 16.09% hot spots of whitefly was detected in 2017 as compared to previous two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). Regarding farmers’ choice for selection of pesticides used to control whitefly, the farmers used Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Buprofezin, Clothinadin, Diafenthiuron, Flonicamid, Matrine, Pyriproxifen, Pymetrozine, Spirotetramat. The comparison of three years indicated that maximum farmers preferred to spray Pyriproxifen on the hot spots of cotton whitefly followed by Buprofezin, Acetamiprid and Diafenthiuronwhile Clothinadin and Matrine were used by the minimum numbers of farmers. The use of these insecticides by the farmers during the three years was non-significant. The farmers preferred these pesticides being of third generation, IGRs, Neonicotinoids, environment friendly to human health and safer to natural enemies of whitefly

scholarly journals Recent Eco-Friendly Developments in Personal Protective Clothing Materials for Reducing Plastic Pollution: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4012-4018
Author(s):  
A. H. Memon ◽  
M. H. Peerzada ◽  
K. Muhammad ◽  
S. A. Memon ◽  
S. A. Mangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Plastic Content ◽  
Selection Of

Due to the industrialization increase in the 20th century, the level of hazards for public health and the demand for personnel protective clothing (PPC) have increased. The area of PPC has been steered to high tech equipment made from plastic-based materials, which are derived from non-renewable sources and have a long life cycle expanding from hundreds to thousands of years, after their end of useful life. This paper reviews the information related to conventional plastic-based fibers, their properties, advantages, disadvantages, and applications in the battlefield, industry, automobiles, etc. This paper provides a basis for the selection of natural fibers and the replacement of conventional plastic-based fibers to reduce the plastic content in protective clothing or other composites. A comparative analysis of technological, environmental, economic and legal aspects of plastic-based and environment-friendly natural fibers is presented. Natural fiber-based composite protective clothing is found to be environment-friendly and considered to have prospects for the future due to its comparative technological, environmental, economic and legal advantages.

scholarly journals Distortion Effects in Equal Area Unit Maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Schiewe
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Equal Area ◽  
Topological Relationships ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Local Topology ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Local Extreme

AbstractMaps that correctly represent the geographic size and shape of regions, taking into account scaling and generalization, have the disadvantage that small regions can easily be overlooked or not seen at all. Hence, for some map use tasks where small regions are of importance, alternative map types are needed. One option is the so-called equal area unit maps (EAUMs), where every enumeration unit has the same area size, possibly also the same basic shape such as squares or hexagons. The geometrical distortion of EAUMs, however, leads to a more difficult search for regions as well as a falsification of topological relationships and spatial patterns. To describe these distortions, a set of analytical measures is proposed. But it turns out that the expressiveness of these measures is rather limited. To better understand and to model the influence of distortions, two user studies were conducted. The study on the search in EAUMs (also with the aim of reconstruct the search strategies of the users) revealed how important it is to consider the local topology (e.g. corner or border positions of regions) during the generation process. With regard to pattern identification, it could be shown that EAUMs significantly increase the detection rate of local extreme values. On the other hand, global lateral gradients or geostatistical hot spots often get blurred or even lost. As a consequence, a task-oriented selection of map types and further developments are recommended.

The Brown Mite, Bryobia arborea Morgan and Anderson (Acarina: Tetranychidae), on Apple in Nova Scotia.: I. Influence of Intratree Distribution on the Selection of Sampling Units. II. Differences in Habits and Seasonal Trends in Orchards With Bivoltine and Trivoltine Populations. III. Distribution of Diapause Eggs. IV. Hatching of Diapause Eggs

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Sample Unit ◽  
The Third ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn Nova Scotia one leaf cluster with an adjoining 1 inch of twig taken from the inside of each of 10 apple trees replicated four times is an adequate sample unit to measure the density of the brown mite.The brown mite has one generation with a partial second in some orchards and one with a partial second and partial third in others. The first generation adults in the bivoltine and trivoltine populations lay summer eggs on the leaves and twigs, and diapause eggs on tin twigs. The second generation adults in the bivoltine populations lay only diapause eggs; in the trivoltine populations they lay both summer and diapause eggs. The adults of the third generation lay only diapause eggs.The brown mite is found on both the leaves and woody parts of the tree. In orchards with bivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80% by mid-July, but thereafter gradually decreased to 10% by the end of August. However, in orchards with trivoltine populations the proportion of mites on leaves reached a peak of 80 to 90% by mid-July, remained constant until mid-August, and thereafter decreased to approximately 40% by the end of August.The number of diapause eggs laid by adults of each generation in both the bivoltine and trivoltine populations varies widely. The eggs are deposited on the trunk as well as on the branches, with the heaviest deposition in the central area of the tree. The diapause eggs laid by adults of the first generation are the last to hatch and those laid by the third generation are the first to hatch the following spring.The factors responsible for the differences in the number of generations and in the number of diapause eggs laid are unknown.

scholarly journals Research progress of analysis method of slope stability combined with hot spots

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
XIE Qiao ◽  
ZHANG Jia-sheng ◽  
Wang Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Selection Of

The analysis methods and theories of slope stability are constantly improving and developing, and more methods in line with the development characteristics of the times have been put forward by scholars at home and abroad. Combined with the latest research hot spots in the direction of analysis methods of slope stability in the world, the analysis methods of slope stability are systematically classified and summarized; The principles, characteristics, scope of application of various methods are summarized; The development trend of slope stability analysis is comprehensively analyzed from various aspects. It provides the follow-up scholars with the research of new methods. It can provide reference for the selection of evaluation methods of practical slope engineering stability.

The Selection of Natural Enemies for the Biological Control of the Australia Bushfly

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hughes ◽  
L. T. Woolcock ◽  
P. Ferrar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Genomic Diversity ofLactobacillus salivarius

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma J. Raftis ◽  
Elisa Salvetti ◽  
Sandra Torriani ◽  
Giovanna E. Felis ◽  
Paul W. O'Toole
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Lactobacillus Salivarius ◽  
Genome Content ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTStrains ofLactobacillus salivariusare increasingly employed as probiotic agents for humans or animals. Despite the diversity of environmental sources from which they have been isolated, the genomic diversity ofL. salivariushas been poorly characterized, and the implications of this diversity for strain selection have not been examined. To tackle this, we applied comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to 33 strains derived from humans, animals, or food. The CGH, based on total genome content, including small plasmids, identified 18 major regions of genomic variation, or hot spots for variation. Three major divisions were thus identified, with only a subset of the human isolates constituting an ecologically discernible group. Omission of the small plasmids from the CGH or analysis by MLST provided broadly concordant fine divisions and separated human-derived and animal-derived strains more clearly. The two gene clusters for exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis corresponded to regions of significant genomic diversity. The CGH-based groupings of these regions did not correlate with levels of production of bound or released EPS. Furthermore, EPS production was significantly modulated by available carbohydrate. In addition to proving difficult to predict from the gene content, EPS production levels correlated inversely with production of biofilms, a trait considered desirable in probiotic commensals.L. salivariusdisplays a high level of genomic diversity, and while selection ofL. salivariusstrains for probiotic use can be informed by CGH or MLST, it also requires pragmatic experimental validation of desired phenotypic traits.

scholarly journals OBSERVATION OF ΔφΔη SCALED CORRELATION SIGNALS WHICH INCREASE WITH CENTRALITY OF AuAu COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{^SNN} = 200\ {\rm GeV}$

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 2149-2153 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
R. S. LONGACRE
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Poster Session ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Minimum Bias ◽  
Momentum Range ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Star Detector

We show the preliminary charged-particle pair correlation analyses presented in a poster session at the 2006 International Quark Matter Conference in Shanghai China. The correlation analysis space of Δφ (azimuth) and Δη (pseudo-rapidity) are considered as a function of centrality for minimum bias Au + Au collisions in the mid-transverse momentum range in the STAR detector. The analyses involve unlike-sign charge pairs and like-sign charge pairs, which are transformed into charge-dependent (CD) signals and charge-independent (CI) signals. We use a multiplicity scale to compare the different centralities. We find the signals increase with increasing centrality. A model featuring dense gluonic hot spots as first proposed by van Hove predicts that the observables under investigation would have sensitivity to such a substructure should it occur. A blast wave model including multiple hot spots motivates the selection of transverse momenta in the range 0.8 GeV /c < pt < 4.0 GeV /c.

Application of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber to Improve the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Composite Railway Brake Block Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triono Agus ◽  
Wiratmaja Puja Ign ◽  
Hilman Syaeful Alam ◽  
S. Rochim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Technical Requirement ◽  
Commercial Sample ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Brake Block

One of the natural fiber considered to replace syntetic fiber is Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) fiber which offer advantages such as environment friendly and widely available especially in indonesia . This study investigates the characteristics of railway brake block with OPEFB fibres compare to synthetic fiber. All the test results were compared to the technical requirement of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (PT. KAI ) and evaluated using Extension Evaluation Method (EEM) to select and get the best sample. From the evaluation results using EEM, one of non commercial sample using OPEFB fiber give a better results compare to commercial sample using synthetic fibers. So it can be concluded that OPEFB fiber as reinforcement for railway brake material could improve physical and mechanical properties of the material, environment friendly and could replace synthetic fibers.

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