scholarly journals Fake news as a social phenomenon in the digital age: a sociological research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-153
Author(s):  
Gabriel-Alexandru Toma
Keyword(s):  
Media Studies ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Market Driven

This paper proposes a sociological research agenda for analysing the spreading mechanisms of misinformation in contemporary society. The contemporary fake news phenomenon is approached as an emergent outcome of inter-related technological, economic, socio-cultural and political factors that have made society vulnerable to misinformation. Those factors are understood as generators of various social dynamics rather than as direct causal determinants. In order to better acknowledge the conditions under which fake news is propagated and legitimated in digital society, news should be approached not only as a commodity that functions in a market-driven economy, but also as a social institution that regulates political discourse and public debate. Based on these considerations, the conclusions support the necessity of a more prominent sociological focus on media studies, which could build awareness of the performative role of language in the context of technologically mediated realities.

scholarly journals How Can Psychological Science Help Counter the Spread of Fake News?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander van der Linden ◽  
Jon Roozenbeek ◽  
Rakoen Maertens ◽  
Melisa Basol ◽  
Ondřej Kácha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Intervention Effectiveness ◽  
Motivated Cognition ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Individual

Abstract In recent years, interest in the psychology of fake news has rapidly increased. We outline the various interventions within psychological science aimed at countering the spread of fake news and misinformation online, focusing primarily on corrective (debunking) and pre-emptive (prebunking) approaches. We also offer a research agenda of open questions within the field of psychological science that relate to how and why fake news spreads and how best to counter it: the longevity of intervention effectiveness; the role of sources and source credibility; whether the sharing of fake news is best explained by the motivated cognition or the inattention accounts; and the complexities of developing psychometrically validated instruments to measure how interventions affect susceptibility to fake news at the individual level.

Statistical Methods for Conducting the Ontology and Classifications of Fake News on Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 632-651
Author(s):  
Joshua Ojo Nehinbe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Political Rivalry

Fake news and its impacts are serious threats to social media in recent time. Studies on the ontology of these problems reveal that serious cybercrimes such as character assassination, misinformation, and blackmailing that some people intentionally perpetrate through social networks significantly correlate with fake news. Consequently, some classical studies on social anthropology have profiled the problems and motives of perpetrators of fake news on political, rivalry, and religious issues in contemporary society. However, this classification is restrictive and statistically defective in dealing with cyber security, forensic problems, and investigation of social dynamics on social media. This chapter exhaustively discusses the above issues and identifies solutions to challenges confronting research community in the above domain. Thematic analysis of responses of certain respondents reveal three new classifications of fake news that people propagate on social media on the basis of mode of propagation, motives of perpetrators, and impacts on victims.

scholarly journals The role and peculiarity of student organizations in modern Kazakhstan society

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
D.K. Burkhanova ◽  
◽  
A.N. Nurkanat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Student Organizations ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University

The article is devoted to the activities of student public organizations, its role and influence on the formation of the social culture of young people. The purpose of this article is to study the role of student organizations in the higher education system of modern Kazakhstan society. The scientific significance of the research is the substantiation of the main activities of student organizations and the motivation of young participants. There has been used a questionnaire as the main method of studying the role of student organizations among students of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University. And its results have been analyzed by statistical analysis and data analysis. Based on the materials of the sociological research, the role and relevance of student organizations in the implementation of educational work with students are determined. The theoretical and practical importance of the article lies in the fact that the features of student organizations are presented and the potential possibilities of student self-government as a social institution are analyzed. According to the results of the study, the authors have found that students in most cases join student organizations in order to expand the circle of acquaintances and are interested in the opportunity to make a career in the future.

scholarly journals Gossip, Reputation, and Sustainable Cooperation

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Giardini ◽  
Rafael Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Reputation Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Gossip is often invoked as playing a fundamental role for creating, sustaining, or destroying cooperation. The reason seems straightforward: gossip can make or break someone’s reputation. This chapter puts this standard reputational model to closer scrutiny. It argues that there are at least three other models to consider, and it presents an analytical framework to disentangle similarities and differences between these models. Explicating all three roles in the gossip triad, it allows to distinguish (a) individual motives behind gossiping, (b) its reputation effects on the actors, (c) the impact of gossip and reputation on the quality and sustainability of cooperation, and (d) the role of the context. Applying the framework reveals a deep divide between reputation and punishment models propagated by experimental economics and evolutionary psychology, on the one hand, and coalition and control models informed by sociology, on the other hand. The chapter discusses implications for a sociological research agenda.

SOCIAL INSTITUTION: GENERAL HORIZONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Iryna Mordous
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unacceptable Behavior

The tradition of the “social institution” phenomenon studying distinguishes the following directions of its interpretation: classical structuralism, which absolutizes the role of impersonal social structures; actionism, which is based on the priority of the life activity of subjects of social dynamics; discursive institutionalism, which combines the project of communicative society of Y. Habermas and social constructivism of J. Searle. The following components shape the social institution functionality. First, social institution produces fairly accurate criteria for acceptable and unacceptable behavior of individuals. Therefore, it is appropriate to note, if not constitutional, then regulating influence of social institutions on values, culture, morality, law, traditions, and rituals of society. Secondly, social institutions produce stable samples of hermeneutic practices, which become the primary source for interpreting the behavior of others and create prerequisites for reflection and self-analysis. And thirdly, such regulation of social life not only sets certain limits and restrictions, but also shapes the prerequisites for mechanisms of shaping meaning and highlighting the integrity of phenomena.

Exploring a Research Agenda of the Feminization of the Legal Profession: Theories of Gender and Social Change

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 289-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Menkel-Meadow
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Law Firm ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Medical Professions ◽  
Gendered Stereotypes

This essay suggests that recent work in feminist theory should reorient the questions that are asked about the role of gender in the legal profession. Some use gender as a category of analysis to explore differences that reinforce conventional gendered stereotypes, such as the conceptualization of work and family in lawyering as a “women's issue.” Others use conventional sociology of the professions analysis, such as stratification, to measure women's “success” and “satisfaction” in the context of the traditional law firm. By focusing on some recent historical and sociological research on women in the legal and medical professions, the author illustrates how we might ask different questions, not to reify gender differences but to more fully examine the role that gender difference, as socially constructed, might play in the transformation of law practice.

At the final stage of the global crisis: Economic tasksin 2017-2019

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
National Trends

The paper deals with the global and national trends of economic and social development at the final stage of the global structural crisis. Special attention is paid to intellectual challenges economists will face with in the post-crisis world: prospects of growth without inflation, new global currencies and the role of cryptocurrencies, central banks independence and their role in economic growth stimulation, new tasks and patterns of government regulation, inequality and growth. Special features of Russian post-crisis development are also under consideration. Among them: prospects of macroeconomic support of growth, inflation targeting, new fiscal rule, social dynamics and new challenges to welfare state. The paper concludes that the main obstacles for economic growth in Russia are concentrated in the non-economic area.

Towards Coherent European Crime Victims Policies and Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Dobrinka Chankova ◽  
Gergana Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Victim Protection ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Protection Order ◽  
Practical Recommendations ◽  
Policies And Practices

Abstract This study explores the latest developments on the European scale of the policies and practices towards victims of crime. Due to many economic and political factors a lot of people are in movement and exposed to the risk of becoming victims of crime. During the last decade the statistics already records enhanced victimization of the global European society. These have provoked numerous legislative actions and practical initiatives in order to ensure safety, to prevent falling victims to crime and to protect better victim’s rights and needs. The European Protection Order Directive, Victims’ Directive and Convention against domestic violence, are among the most advanced legal acts worldwide. However, it is observed that their implementation in Europe is asymmetric and sometimes problematic. This paper explores the role of the national governments and specialized agencies and mainly the deficits in their activities leading to the non-usage of victims of all the existing opportunities. The newest supra-national acts aiming at the acceleration of transposition and ratification of these important for the building of victim-friendly environment documents, are discussed. Practical recommendations for a more effective victim protection are developed.

Gender Diversity in Computing: An Environmental Perspective

10.28945/3248 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecille Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Female Household Head ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
Computer Confidence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Research Questions

Previous research conducted by the author investigated the socio-political backgrounds of two groups of female students studying computer-related university programmes. They came from distinctly different backgrounds and were enrolled at two institutions with very different legacies. The author found that socio-political factors, in particular the role of a dominant female household head and aggressive governmental affirmative action, had a significant effect on the girls’ levels of confidence and subsequently on their decision to study computer-related courses. Based on this insight, the researcher undertook to look further into gender diversity with respect to self-perceived general computer confidence and self-perceived ability to program a computer. A sample of both female and male Information T echnology students from very similar disadvantaged socio-economic backgrounds was surveyed. The sample of 204 students was drawn from all three years of the National Diploma in Information Technology. The author considered the following research questions: (i) Do males and females studying computer-related courses have differing computer selfefficacy levels? (ii) Do males and females studying computer programming have differing attitudes towards their ability to program? (iii) Do males and females differ in their attitudes towards the programming learning environment?

THE ROLE OF LOCAL SOCIAL INSTITUTION IN COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT IN BANDUNG REGENCY, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helly Ocktilia
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Supportive Leadership ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the existence of the local social organization in conducting community empowerment. The experiment was conducted at Community Empowerment Institution (In Indonesia it is referred to as Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat/LPM). LPM Cibeunying as one of the local social institution in Bandung regency. Aspects reviewed in the study include the style of leadership, processes, and stages of community empowerment, as well as the LPM network. The research method used is a case study with the descriptive method and qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted against five informants consisting of the Chairman and LPM’s Board members, village officials, and community leaders. The results show that the dominant leadership style is participative, in addition to that, a supportive leadership style and directive leadership style are also used in certain situations. The empowerment process carried out per the stages of the empowerment process is identifying and assessing the potential of the region, problems, and opportunities-chances; arranging a participative activity plan; implementing the activity plan; and monitoring and evaluating the process and results of activities. The social networking of LPM leads to a social network of power in which LPM can influence the behavior of communities and community institutions in utilizing and managing community empowerment programs. From the research, it can be concluded that the model of community empowerment implemented by LPM Cibeunying Village is enabling, empowering, and protecting.

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