scholarly journals PROSPEK HUKUM ISLAM DI BIDANG PENGUATAN MONETER DENGAN PEMBERLAKUAN MATA UANG DINAR DAN DIRHAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Rahmat Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Value Of Money

The limitation of the use of coins lies in its weight, so that since before Islam, in addition to the currency of the dinar and dirham, also apply to the trade papers and bonds (credit) for large commercial transactions. In running his government, at least the Prophet set nine policies in the field of monetary, among them are: First, let the currency of dinar and dirhams and trade notes and bonds payable. Second, the exemption of tariffs and import duties on imports of gold and silver and commodities from the Persian and Roman regions. Third, the prohibition of money accumulation (kanz). Fourth, the prohibition of stockpiling to maintain the stability of the value of money. Fifth, the prohibition of lending money (riba) which is run along with the prohibition of hoarding money (kanz) has accelerated the circulation of money directed to investment activities. Sixth, encourage interest-free loans (qardhul hasan) and profit sharing and risk sharing models. Seventh, prevent speculative activities. Eighth, increasing the production of goods and services. Ninth, the abolition of the trade monopoly of the Quraysh in Ukaz and Dul-Majaz markets after the conquest of Mecca. The removal of this monopoly improves the efficiency and distribution of better income. Effective demand and demand for money transactions increased so as to speed up the circulation of money.

The Weight of Fear of Violence in Household Budgets

2021 ◽  
pp. 073401682110383
Author(s):  
Bruno Truzzi ◽  
Marcelo Justus ◽  
Henrique C. Kawamura ◽  
Thomas V. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Regularization Method ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

This article investigates the relationship between the perception of violence and the spending on security goods and services in households. Individual microdata from a random national survey on family budget carried out in Brazil in 2008-2009 were used for modeling the household spending using two instrumental variables. The stability of results was checked by applying the Lasso-Gaussian regularization method in the selection of the statistically significant variables. Positive relationships were found between household spending on security goods and services and (i) the fear of insecurity at the household level, (ii) the neighbors’ spending on security, and (iii) the registered criminality, but no evidence was found on the relationship between the role of police on household spending on security goods and services.

scholarly journals Multibody model of fruit harvesting trucks: comparison with experimental data and rollover analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Melzi ◽  
Edoardo Sabbioni ◽  
Michele Vignati ◽  
Maurizio Cutini ◽  
Massimo Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Soil Stiffness ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Multibody Model ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Rollover Risk ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Italian National Institute ◽  
Comparison With Experimental Data

Fruit harvesting trucks are used to easy and speed-up the work of agricultural operators. These vehicles are provided with a moving cargo bed, which can be raised up to 3 meters from the ground so that workers are closer to the plants top. Due to factors like height of centre of gravity and operation on soft and irregular soil, these vehicles present several safety issues. This research, carried out inside a project funded by INAIL (Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work), analysed the stability of fruit harvesting trucks with particular focus on rollover risk. Experimental tests were carried out to characterise the response of these vehicles. Multibody models of two trucks were then developed and used to determine the rollover angle along a generic direction considering the effect of vehicle configuration and of tire-soil stiffness.

scholarly journals Innovative solutions to tap “Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises” (MSME) market

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mohsin Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Collaborative Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to indicate an innovative solution to address the financing issues faced by “Micro-, Small and Medium Enterprises” (MSME) in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) especially Islamic banks are competing for high net worth individuals, whereas the MSME sector is largely untapped. A collaborative model for IFIs is suggested, to explore the MSME sector. Islamic Non-Banking Financial Institutions (NBFIs) are operating in these markets through their extensive gross route networks. The multistep collaborative model proposes “Special Purpose Entity (SPE)” partially owned by a single Islamic Bank or consortium and NBFI/s. SPEs can be incorporated with a defined scope, focus areas, risk profile, budget and shareholding patterns. Findings Risk and profit sharing instruments also known as Musharakah and Mudarabah have less than 6 percent share within total financing offered by Islamic banks globally. Risk sharing products offered by Islamic banks are not targeting this sector due to the underdevelopment of instruments, lack of knowledge and resources. Proposed SPEs can operate regionally with a concentration on specific business sectors. Originality/value The SPE model would enable Islamic banks to enter the huge MSME market while mitigating risk. On the contrary, it would enable the large segments of emerging economies (bottom 40 percent population of developing nations) to get involved and actively play their role to attain long-term development goals.

Stochastic resonance and stability for an ecological vegetation growth system driven by colored noises and multiplicative signal

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
pp. 1650308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Kang Wang ◽  
Ya-Jun Wang ◽  
Jian-Cheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Multiplicative Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Periodic Signal ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Correlation Times ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, we investigate the steady-state properties and the transition rate for an ecological vegetation growth system induced by the terms of the colored multiplicative and additive noises. Numerical results indicate that the multiplicative noise and the additive one can reduce the stability of the ecological system and slow down the development velocity of the vegetation, while two noise self-correlation times can increase the stability of the system and speed up the expansion process of the vegetation system. With respect to the stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon caused by noise terms and a multiplicative weak periodic signal, the results show that the additive noise always enhances the SR effect, two noise self-correlation time terms can produce SR phenomenon, but play opposite roles in enhancing or inhibiting the SR effect under different parameter conditions. In particular, the two self-correlation times can keep up the maximum of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) invariant in specific situations. Analogously, the multiplicative noise can not only improve the SNR, but also restrain the SR phenomenon in different cases.

scholarly journals Public-Private or Master-Servant? Examining the Implementation of the Serious Disease Insurance Scheme in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Yingying Ma ◽  
Zhuojun Liu ◽  
Shuguang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Social Security Programs ◽  
Serious Disease

China’s Serious Disease Insurance Scheme (SDIS) was set up to relieve the financial burdens on serious disease patients. It is a crucial part of the national basic medical insurance scheme, which is regarded as one of the largest government-funded social security programs in the world. The most significant institutional innovation of the SDIS is that the approach of a public–private partnership (PPP) is applied in an attempt to facilitate the efficiency of its implementation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of the SDIS in China through PPPs, and to identify the problems to be tackled if the Chinese government intends to make such a plan work better for the majority of urban and rural residents. With the effective support from local officials and practitioners, the authors of this paper collected copies of SDIS contracts of multiple cities in Guangdong, one of the most developed provinces of China. Guided by a research framework drawn from the PPP literature, details of contract enforcement were also examined. The authors discovered that the role of local states is rather dominant; they have manipulated contract drafting and implementation. Additionally, current mechanisms for profit sharing, risk sharing, and information exchange have placed insurance companies in a rather disadvantageous situation. To achieve the sustainable development of the SDIS, the authors suggest that a further reform on implementation of a PPP must be pushed forward.

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