scholarly journals CAMPURAN PROPOLIS DAN GARAM KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN ANTIBAKTERI PLAK GIGI MIXED PROPOLIS AND COCONUT SALT AS A DENTAL PLAQUE ANTIBACTERIAL AGENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Akhmad Endang Zainal Hasan ◽  
I Made Artika, Henry Adiprabowo
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Antibacterial Agent

Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi di kalanganmasyarakat Indonesia. Faktor yang paling banyak menyebabkan karies gigi adalah plak gigi.Bakteri yang dominan dalam plak gigi adalah Streptococcus mutans. Salah satu bahanantibakteri kariogenik yang biasa dipakai dalam pasta gigi saat ini adalah fluor. Penggunaanpasta gigi berfluor dapat menimbulkan fluorosis yaitu pelemahan email gigi bila dipakaidalam konsentrasi yang berlebihan. Propolis dan garam kelapa merupakan bahan alamiyang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri pengganti fluor. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengujiaktivitas antibakteri dari campuran propolis dan garam kelapa dan membandingkankeefektifannya dengan antibakteri NaF yang terdapat dalam pasta gigi komersial. Ujiaktivitas antibakteri S. mutans dilakukan dengan metode hitungan cawan yaitupenghitungan jumlah bakteri yang tumbuh di media contoh dalam cawan petri. Propoliskasar diekstrak dengan alkohol dan didapatkan rendemen sebesar 8.52%. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa campuran propolis 6.25% dan garam kelapa 1 M mempunyaikemampuan paling besar sebagai antibakteri dan dapat menghambat S. mutans lebih baikdaripada NaF 0.3%. Keefektifan propolis-garam terhadap NaF 0.3% sebesar 203.88%.Kata kunci : propolis, garam kelapa, antibakteri, antikaries gigi, Streptococcus mutans,

scholarly journals Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

Effects of Varnishes Containing Chlorhexidine on the Human Dental Plaque Flora

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1786-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J.M. Schaeken ◽  
J.S. Van der Hoeven ◽  
J.C.M. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
High Concentrations

This study describes the effects of varnishes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, or 40% chlorhexidine diacetate on the microflora of human fissure dental plaque. Sandarac, a natural resin, was used as the varnish base. Ten subjects, each with at least four sound fissures harboring high levels of Streptococcus mutans, participated in the study. The fissures in each of the individuals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, in each of which one of the varnishes was tested. The varnish treatment consisted of a single application of a small amount of varnish onto the fissures. Apart from the selected fissures, the rest of the dentition was left untreated. All chlorhexidine-containing varnishes selectively suppressed S. mutans in fissure plaque, and had no effect on total viable counts or on the numbers of Actinomyces viscosus/naeslundii and Streptococcus sanguis beyond one week. The extent of the suppression depended upon the concentration of chlorhexidine in the varnish, 40% chlorhexidine varnish giving the greatest suppression of S. mutans. At 22 weeks, after a single treatment with varnish containing 40% chlorhexidine, mean S. mutans counts were more than ten times lower than in the control or 10%chlorhexidine varnish group. At that time, S. mutans was still undetectable in five out of ten experimental fissures in this group. The results suggested that sandarac varnishes containing high concentrations of chlorhexidine can be used successfully for long-term suppression of S. mutans in dental fissures.

scholarly journals Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans produces strain-specific antibiotics that impair commensal colonization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Yuta Kudo ◽  
Jonathon Baker ◽  
Sandra LaBonte ◽  
Peter A. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Tetramic Acid ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Caries Tooth

Streptococcus mutans is a common constituent of dental plaque and an etiologic agent of dental caries (tooth decay). Here we elucidate a biosynthetic pathway, encoded by globally distributed strains of S. mutans, which produces a series of bioactive small molecules including reutericyclin and two N-acyl tetramic acid analogues active against oral commensal bacteria. This pathway may provide S. mutans with a competitive advantage, promoting dysbiosis and caries pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Anti-Streptococcus mutans and anti-biofilm activities of dextranase and its encapsulation in alginate beads for application in toothpaste

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10165
Author(s):  
Nucharee Juntarachot ◽  
Sasithorn Sirilun ◽  
Duangporn Kantachote ◽  
Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn ◽  
Piyachat Tongpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Sensory Test ◽  
Alginate Concentration ◽  
The Stability

Background The accumulation of plaque causes oral diseases. Dental plaque is formed on teeth surfaces by oral bacterial pathogens, particularly Streptococcus mutans, in the oral cavity. Dextranase is one of the enzymes involved in antiplaque accumulation as it can prevent dental caries by the degradation of dextran, which is a component of plaque biofilm. This led to the idea of creating toothpaste containing dextranase for preventing oral diseases. However, the dextranase enzyme must be stable in the product; therefore, encapsulation is an attractive way to increase the stability of this enzyme. Methods The activity of food-grade fungal dextranase was measured on the basis of increasing ratio of reducing sugar concentration, determined by the reaction with 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid reagent. The efficiency of the dextranase enzyme was investigated based on its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against biofilm formation by S. mutans ATCC 25175. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the three factors affecting encapsulation: pH, calcium chloride concentration, and sodium alginate concentration. Encapsulation efficiency (% EE) and the activity of dextranase enzyme trapped in alginate beads were determined. Then, the encapsulated dextranase in alginate beads was added to toothpaste base, and the stability of the enzyme was examined. Finally, sensory test and safety evaluation of toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase were done. Results The highest activity of the dextranase enzyme was 4401.71 unit/g at a pH of 6 and 37 °C. The dextranase at its MIC (4.5 unit/g) showed strong inhibition against the growth of S. mutans. This enzyme at 1/2 MIC also showed a remarkable decrease in biofilm formation by S. mutans. The most effective condition of dextranase encapsulation was at a pH of 7, 20% w/v calcium chloride and 0.85% w/v sodium alginate. Toothpaste containing encapsulated dextranase alginate beads produced under suitable condition was stable after 3 months of storage, while the sensory test of the product was accepted at level 3 (like slightly), and it was safe. Conclusion This research achieved an alternative health product for oral care by formulating toothpaste with dextranase encapsulated in effective alginate beads to act against cariogenic bacteria, like S. mutants, by preventing dental plaque.

Antibacterial Activity and Anti-Biofilm Effect of Chitosan against Strains of Streptococcus Mutans Isolated in Dental Plaque

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pasquantonio ◽  
C. Greco ◽  
M. Prenna ◽  
C. Ripa ◽  
L.A. Vitali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Adhesion Phase ◽  
Adult Volunteers

Streptococcus mutans is the major cause of dental plaque and is often associated with biofilm formation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of a hydrosoluble derivative of chitosan against S. mutans biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Strains of S. mutans were isolated from the dental plaque of 84 patients enrolled in the study. The antibacterial activity of chitosan was determined by broth microdilutions. The effect of chitosan at different concentrations and exposure times on S. mutans biofilms at different phases of development was assessed by a clinical study using the classical “4-day plaque regrowth” experiment in adult volunteers. The MIC values of chitosan were between 0.5 and 2 g/L. Compared to distilled water, the chitosan solution significantly decreased the vitality of plaque microflora (p≤0.05). Chlorhexidine, used as a positive control, reduced vitality even further. The results showed that S. mutans in the adhesion phase (4 h) was completely inhibited by chitosan at any concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.5XMIC) or exposure time investigated (1, 15, 30, 60 min), while S. mutans at successive stages of accumulation (12–24 h) was inhibited only by higher concentrations and longer exposure times. These data confirm the effective action of chitosan against S. mutans biofilms.

scholarly journals Inactivation of the ciaH Gene in Streptococcus mutans Diminishes Mutacin Production and Competence Development, Alters Sucrose-Dependent Biofilm Formation, and Reduces Stress Tolerance

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 4895-4899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengxia Qi ◽  
Justin Merritt ◽  
Renate Lux ◽  
Wenyuan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Peptide Antibiotics ◽  
Kinase Gene

ABSTRACT Many clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans produce peptide antibiotics called mutacins. Mutacin production may play an important role in the ecology of S. mutans in dental plaque. In this study, inactivation of a histidine kinase gene, ciaH, abolished mutacin production. Surprisingly, the same mutation also diminished competence development, stress tolerance, and sucrose-dependent biofilm formation.

In silico search of inhibitors of Streptococcus mutans for the control of dental plaque

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ochoa ◽  
María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón ◽  
María Adelaida Arismendi-Echeverri ◽  
Willer Leandro Rendón-Osorio ◽  
Carlos Enrique Muskus-López
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Dental Plaque

scholarly journals Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

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