scholarly journals Modelling of Grassed Road Divider as Bio-Retention System for Urban Road Drainage

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Yau Seng Mah ◽  
Amy Ee Ling Wong ◽  
Fang Yenn Teo
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Soil Storage ◽  
Retention System ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Rain Events

An evaluation on the applicability of bio-retention system in grassed road divider under high rainfall of equatorial region was conducted by developing computer-aided stormwater models using USEPA SWMM 5.1. The models simulated road runoffs with and without bio-retention systems. A single unit of bio-retention system tested here was 3 m in width, 6 m in length with 150 mm of ponding depth and 600 mm of soil/storage depth. Results indicated that soil types of loamy sand, sandy loam and loam showed similar performance in reducing runoff. With installation of bio-retention system, road runoff could be reduced 40-50% when subjected to 60 minutes of 2-, 5- and 10-year ARI rain events. The results obtained from the simulation were encouraging that bio-retention system in grassed road divider could function to augment the existing urban road drainage.

scholarly journals Study on Mercury Distribution and Speciation in Urban Road Runoff in Nanjing City, China

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Jiaguo Wu ◽  
Alagarasan Kumar ◽  
Dafang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Road Runoff ◽  
Mercury Distribution ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Nanjing City

The influence of cultivar and soil type on performance of lucerne in the Victorian Mallee

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
VF McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
Loam Soil

The production and persistence of nine cultivars of lucerne were studied at the Mallee Research Station, Walpeup, Victoria, over three seasons. Hunter River, Siro Peruvian, and African lucerne were similar in yield, but Siro Peruvian was less persistent. The superior yield of these three cultivars over two accessions of Flandria, Du Puits, and Socheville was largely due to their greater winter production. Two lines of Canadian creeping-rooted lucerne were found to be entirely unsuited to this district. Hunter River and Siro Peruvian lucerne were also compared on a sand and a sandy loam soil at Walpeup. The relative production of the two cultivars was the same on the two soil types but the effect of soil type was marked. The production and persistence of lucerne grown on the sand was far superior to that on the sandy loam.

Subsurface Application and Shallow Incorporation of Herbicides on Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Wiese ◽  
E. B. Hudspeth
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loam Soil

In a 3-year study on four soil types, subsurface application just ahead of a planter with a device that removed the top from the bed, applied a band of spray, and covered the band with soil reduced weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) obtained with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-methylmercapto-s-triazine (prometryne), 3-(hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl)-1,1-dimethylurea (norea), dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA), and 1,1-dimethyl-3(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea (fluometuron) compared to applications on the soil surface. This machine improved weed control with α,α,α,-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Shallow incorporation, with two helical blades, after planting increased weed control with trifluralin, diuron, and DCPA by 10% or more over the surface applications. This incorporator increased weed control obtained with prometryne and norea 5%. Very shallow incorporation, with metal tines, after planting improved weed control obtained with trifluralin and DCPA 18 and 11%, respectively. Weed control with norea was increased 7%, but metal tines did not appreciably affect weed control obtained with prometryne, diuron, or fluometuron. Compared to surface applications, incorporation increased cotton injury with diuron, norea, prometryne, and fluometuron on sandy loam soil.

Residual Effects of CGA-131036 and Chlorsulfuron on Spring-Sown Rotational Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Friesen ◽  
David A. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Time Required

Response of flax, canola, field pea, sunflower, field corn, lentils, and common buckwheat to soil residues of CGA-131036 and chlorsulfuron applied at 22 g ai ha–1was determined on two soil types at Morden, Manitoba. on a fine sandy loam with a pH of 7.4 and 4.5% organic matter, the length of time required before crops showed no phytotoxicity from CGA-131036 residues was: sunflower 4 yr; canola and common buckwheat 3 yr; flax 2 yr; field pea and field corn 1 yr. on a clay loam with a pH of 6.5 and 5.3% organic matter, the corresponding duration was: lentil, canola, and sunflower 3 yr; flax and field pea 1 yr. Chlorsulfuron residues persisted somewhat longer than CGA-131036 residues on the sandy loam but not on the clay loam.

Predicting pasture and sheep production in the Victorian Mallee with the decision support tool, GrassGro

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sheep Production

The GrassGro decision support tool was designed to quantify sheep and pasture production in response to management and climate variability in temperate Australia, and has been tested in temperate but not low-rainfall Australian conditions. Data from field experiments and from on-farm monitoring was used to test GrassGro predictions of annual and perennial pasture production, and sheep production at 4 locations throughout the Victorian Mallee, which is a low-rainfall area (275–375 mm annually). Predictions of long-term pasture production were then made. Predictions of the herbage biomass of annual pastures closely matched observed data for both a sandy loam (1991–2002 data) and a whole paddock (combining sandy loam and loam and sand) (2001–2002 data) soil type, at several locations across the Victorian Mallee. Linear regression between observed and simulated (April to September) data produced coefficients, significance and root mean square error of r2 = 0.81, P<0.001, 217 kg DM/ha, respectively, for sandy loam soil types and r2 = 0.94, P<0.001, 72 kg DM/ha, respectively, for whole paddock soil types. A series of simulations for individual years from 1970 to 2002 quantified the large impact of climate variability and demonstrated that seedbank and location, but not soil fertility, had a large influence on annual pasture production. However, GrassGro underestimated the production of the perennial pasture, lucerne (r2 = 0.2). GrassGro was also unable to adequately predict sheep production because it failed to take into account the sparse, clumpy structure of the low biomass pastures typical of this region. Methods to improve GrassGro were identified and included: (i) the need to adjust sheep intake from low biomass, sparse pastures, (ii) the ability to predict summer growing and autumn growing plant species, (iii) the ability to graze crop stubbles and (iv) refinements to the coefficients of equations used to model lucerne growth.

The sorption of heavy metal species by sediments in soakaways receiving urban road runoff

Chemosphere ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2099-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Murakami ◽  
Fumiyuki Nakajima ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Road Runoff ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Heavy Metal Species

Five-Year Soil Concentrations of Seven Termiticides in Two Mississippi Soil Types

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Jarratt ◽  
Jim Haskins ◽  
Reba Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mississippi State University ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
State University ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Soil Residue

Two Mississippi soil types were treated with seven termiticides representing six active ingredients. Soil locations and types were Gulfport, MS (Poarch fine sandy loam) and Mississippi State University (Faulkner silt loam). Active ingredients used in the study are cypermethrin-D, permethrin-Dr, chlorpyrifos, isofenphos, fenvalerate, cypermethrin-Pr, and bifenthrin. The lowest registered label concentration was used for the treatments. Treatments were applied to the outside and inside walls of test foundations. Test foundations were covered after treatment to provide a simulated crawl space area and the areas were sampled independently of each other. Treated soils were sampled on day of treatment and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months post treatment, with the exception of isofenphos. This treatment was not sampled at 24 and 36 months. Soil samples were extracted with acetone and analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Initial soil residue concentrations for all products were high and related to the dilution rate at which the compounds were mixed. Dilutions varied from a low of 0.06% (bifenthrin) to a high of 1.0% (chlorpyrifos). The products showed a gradual decline over time, with the exception of isofenphos. Most of the isofenphos degraded within the first 9 months.

EFFICACY OF THREE DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES IN PROCESSING PEAS AND THEIR RESIDUES IN SOILS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. N. JENSEN ◽  
E. R. KIMBALL ◽  
J. A. IVANY
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

The efficacy and relative persistence of dinitramine (N′,N′-diethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2-4-diamine), ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine], and trifluralin (α,α,α -trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-diproply-p-toluidine) were studied in a series of field trials conducted on a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (P.E.I.) and on a Somerset loamy sand (N.S.). Phytotoxicity, as reflected by weed control and injury to the peas (Pisum sativum L.), was greater on the sandy soil and herbicide rates recommended for the region may reduce yields on light soil types. The margin of crop tolerance was also reduced in one year characterized by an extremely wet growing season. Under field conditions, there was little practical difference in weed control obtained with the three herbicides. Dinitramine and ethalfluralin were more persistent in the Somerset sand than in the Charlottetown sandy loam. The order of decreasing persistence was trifluralin>ethalfluralin>dinitramine, except in the Somerset sand where the persistence of ethalfluralin and trifluralin was similar. Significant detectable levels of all three herbicides remained 320 days after application.Key words: Processing peas, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, trifluralin, residue

Effects of some soil conditions on sugar-beet seedling emergence

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Longden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Water Holding

SUMMARYSeven soil conditioners added to a sandy clay soil at Saxmundham did not benefit sugar-beet seedling emergence in four experiments in 3 years. In microplots at Broom's Barn free draining peat and sandy loam gave consistently more seedlings than limestone loam or flinty loam. In the laboratory, for each of three soil types, emergence was maximal only for a small soil moisture range and decreased rapidly when soils became drier or wetter. This suggests that conditioners which increase water-holding capacity should be tested on sandy loams rather than clay soils and that seed-bed preparation on heavier soils should seek to aerate the soil.

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