scholarly journals Assesment of Trends in the Share of Expenditure on Services and Food in the Visegrad Group Member States

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 977-996
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jankiewicz ◽  
Michał Bernard Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Household Consumption ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Systematic Improvement ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Visegrad Group

The subject of the article concerns changes in the structure of consumption in the Visegrad countries in the years 1996-2016. The focused was on expenditure on services and food expenditure of households in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The systematic improvement of the socio-economic situation and institutional changes in the Visegrad Group countries resulted in an increase in expenditure on services and food. This contributed to changes in the structure of household consumption, where the share of expenditure on services in final expenditure increased in the examined period in each of the countries studied, and the share of expenditure on food systematically decreased. The main research objective of the article is to identify trends in the share of household expenditure on selected types of goods in their final expenditure. The different trends in the shaping of expenditure shares for goods considered in the article result from their different nature, where services are a higher order good, while food is a good satisfying basic existential needs of man. The study also attempted to determine the limit values of the share of expenditure on services and the share of expenditure on food in the structure of household consumption in selected countries. The limit values were determined for both types of goods on the basis of estimation of parameters of the Tӧrnquist function of the first type. The limit values established in the study should be treated as the saturation level for the share of goods that the countries are able to achieve with the current trends in their socio-economic development.

scholarly journals Organic Food in the Diet of Residents of the Visegrad Group (V4) Countries—Reasons for and Barriers to Its Purchasing

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4351
Author(s):  
Andrzej Soroka ◽  
Anna Katarzyna Mazurek-Kusiak ◽  
Joanna Trafialek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Food ◽  
Genetically Modified Food ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Visegrad Group

This study aimed to determine the differences in the frequency of, reasons for, and barriers to purchasing organic food among the inhabitants of the Visegrád Group member states. The selection of the countries for the study was dictated by the fact that the countries of Central and Eastern Europe play the role of a niche market in the European organic food market. This research employed the method of a diagnostic survey and the discriminant function. A chi-squared test, ANOVA, and Fisher’s Post Hoc LSD test were also used to present differences in individual groups. This research shows that respondents from Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia were guided by similar behaviors regarding the purchase of organic food. However, the attitudes of the respondents slightly differed between countries. In the case of the reasons for choosing organic food, the most important thing was that it is non-genetically modified food, especially for Polish consumers. The following were also mentioned: lack of chemical compounds (Slovaks and Czechs), high health value of such food (Czechs and Slovaks), and excellent taste (Hungarians). The most critical barriers against purchasing are the price (Poles and Hungarians), difficult access (Poles and Hungarians), and the short expiry time of such products (Slovaks).

scholarly journals The Visegrád Group as a Vehicle for Promoting National Interests in the European Union: The Case of the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Neuman
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Foreign Policy ◽  
Council Presidency ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract This contribution asks whether sub-regional integration projects such as the Visegrád Group may be understood as mechanisms for pursuing one Group member’s national interests while it stands at the European Union’s helm. I assess this question based on the case of the first Visegrád Group member to assume the EU Council presidency: the Czech Republic. Examining three specific policy areas – the reinvention of the EU’s Eastern neighbourhood policy; the strengthening of EU energy security; and the incorporation of a stronger human rights and external democratisation approach into EU foreign policy – this case study presents a mixed picture. It confirms the potential of the Visegrád Group to be a vehicle for furthering the national preferences of one Group member while it holds the rotating EU Council presidency. Whether or not this potential is fully realised will depend primarily on the degree to which the interests of the four Visegrád countries converge.

scholarly journals Identification Elements Symmetry in Teaching Informatics in Czech Secondary School during the Covid-19 Outbreak from the Perspective of Students

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1768
Author(s):  
R. Nemec ◽  
A. Jahodova Berkova ◽  
S. Hubalovsky
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Classical State ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Students Attitudes

This article describes the research results aimed at distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic and closing schools and its symmetry with the classical state in terms of time, difficulty, and the mental and physical condition of students. An important aspect is therefore to maintain the symmetry of attitudes to teaching in face-to-face form and distance form. In terms of the eight-year gymnasium in the Czech Republic, students’ attitudes to the teaching subject informatics were investigated. The main research questions in our study dealt with whether students felt equally balanced regarding the amount of tasks and time taken for home preparation during the Covid-19 outbreak compared with the time before the quarantine and their condition (both mental and physical) during the Covid-19 outbreak. The research was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire, which was answered by 110 out of 180 students. According to the results, it is evident that students felt that during the distance education, there are more tasks compared to face-to-face ones. Students also claimed to spend more time learning at distance education than at school. On the other hand, they agreed that the self-education schedule is suitable for them. In terms of the questionnaire, their condition (both mental and physical) was also evaluated, which was slightly above the average.

scholarly journals The Trends in anti-Semitism in the Czech Republic 2004-2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
Eva Taterová ◽  
Marcela Urbaníková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Czech Society ◽  
Motivation To Participate

This paper aims to introduce the current trends in anti-Semitism in the Czech Republic in 2004-2014. This period maps the changes that appeared since the end of Second Palestinian intifada to the year 2014 which is the last year with available set of data of anti-Semitism in Czech society. The article shall examine whether there is a direct link between the contemporary important events in the Middle East and the changing number of anti-Semitic incidents in the Czech Republic. The attention shall also be given to the issue which groups of Czech society are mostly associated with anti-Semitism and what is their main motivation to participate in the anti-Semitic campaign.

scholarly journals The analysis of individual Visegrad group members’ agrarian export sensitivity in relation to selected macroeconomic aggregations

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-342
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svatoš ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Grocery Industry ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Visegrad Group

This paper analyzes the development of agricultural trade of the countries of the Visegrad Group with emphasis on development of the value of agricultural exports of the individual countries. The subject matter of the analysis is the sensitivity of the commodity structure of agricultural exports of individual countries and the identification of aggregations that are the least and the most sensitive to changes to the external and internal economic environment. From the conducted research, agricultural trade in the V4 countries was found to have developed very dynamically from 1993 to 2008, while the commodity structure of exports has constantly narrowed as the degree of specialization of the individual countries has increased (this applies especially to the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary). From the results of analysis of sensitivity to changes of selected variables relating to the development of the value of agricultural exports of the individual V4 countries, it appears that the aggregations that react most sensitively to changes are those that are the subject of re-exports, followed by the aggregations that are characterized by a high degree of added value. In general it can be said that products of agricultural primary production exhibit less sensitivity in comparison with grocery industry products. This is confirmed by the general trend arising from the very nature of consumer behaviour.

scholarly journals The Attractiveness of Selected Central European Countries for Winter Sports and Mountain Hiking

Turyzm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Kinga Krzesiwo ◽  
Kamila Ziółkowska-Weiss ◽  
Michał Żemła
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Downhill Skiing ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract Hiking, downhill skiing and snowboarding are among the most popular forms of active tourism in mountainous areas. Their popularity and their mass scale do not only result from the presence of the appropriate landscape, but also from its appropriate development. The objective of the article is to attempt to assess the attractiveness of selected Central European countries in terms of winter sports and mountain hiking, to consider the opinions of students who live in Visegrad Group countries, as well as to evaluate the barriers to development of their competitive offers. According to respondents, the most attractive countries for winter sports are Austria and Slovakia, and the least attractive are Hungary, Romania and Lithuania. In turn, according to the students, the best conditions for mountain hiking are in Slovakia, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland. In addition, respondents from particular countries assessed domestic offers highly.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles: A Data Science Perspective Review

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Pevec ◽  
Jurica Babic ◽  
Vedran Podobnik
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Green Transportation

Current trends are showing that the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly increased over the last few years, causing changes not only in the transportation industry but generally in business and society. This paper covers one possible angle to the (r)evolution instigated by EVs, i.e., it provides the data science perspective review of the interdisciplinary area at the intersection of green transportation, energy informatics, and economics. Namely, the review summarizes data-driven research in EVs by identifying two main research streams: (i) socio–economic, and (ii) socio–technical. The socio–economic stream includes research in: (i) acceptance of green transportation in countries and among different populations, (ii) current trends in the EV market, and (iii) forecasting future sales for the green transportation. The socio–technical stream includes research in: (i) electric vehicle battery price and capacity and (ii) charging station management. This kind of study is especially important now when the question is no longer whether the transition from internal-combustion engine vehicles to clean-fuel vehicles is going to happen but how fast it will happen and what are going to be implications for society, governmental policies, and industry. Based on the presented literature review, the paper also outlines the most significant open questions and challenges that are yet to be solved: (i) scarcity of trustworthy (open) data, and (ii) designing a generalized methodology for charging station deployment.

Assessment of the Cement Plate Building Covering Facade

2019 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Miloslav Novotný ◽  
Miloslav Novotný ◽  
Karel Šuhajda
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Outer Cladding

The article deals with the methodology of the assessment of the state of the external facade of the outer cladding façade from the fiber cementitious boards in view of meeting the conditions of the technical legislation valid in the Czech Republic. On a particular case, the methodology of the procedure from the visual assessment of the facade facing plates to the requirements of their mechanical and physical properties is described. The object under consideration is a civic building in a climatically challenging location in the Beskydy foothills, whose facade is completely lined with fiber-cement boards. The assessment is based on the provisions of ČSN ISO 13822 (73 0038): Design principles for structures - Evaluation exists. construction and ČSN P 74 7251: 2015 Folded cladding, tiles and panel cladding - Requirements for casting accuracy, quality and appearance. For the assessment of mechanical and physical properties, the provisions of ČSN EN 12467 - Fiber-cement flat plates - Specimen specification and test method are used. Limit values ​​of individual parameters are taken into account in the technical sheets of the manufacturer of fiber-cement boards.

scholarly journals Analysis and Comparison of Economic and Financial Risk Sources in SMEs of the Visegrad Group and Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Oláh ◽  
Sándor Kovács ◽  
Zuzana Virglerova ◽  
Zoltán Lakner ◽  
Maria Kovacova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Visegrad Group

Risk management is one of the most important internal process, not only in large companies but also in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). To identify the source of risk can be crucial in all companies. The primary objective of this study is to analyze and compare the economic and financial risk sources in SMEs of the V4 (Visegrad Group: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) and Serbia, in the context of the business environment of the countries analyzed. To achieve this goal, a questionnaire-based survey was carried out involving 2110 SMEs from Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Serbia. The questionnaire included questions about the importance of risks and the concept of risk management in the company. To test the formulated hypotheses, the following statistical tools were used: contingency tables, a Z-value, and a general non-hierarchical log-linear model with three categorical variables and a continuous covariate. Finally, the differences among V4 countries and Serbia were identified. Serbia is more vulnerable to the financial risk sources studied than the V4 countries. The result of the research shows that insufficient profit is more hazardous compared to the other risk sources and all countries are more vulnerable in in this issue. The article concludes with a discussion and a comparison with previous international researches.

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