scholarly journals Perception of peer drinking and access to alcohol mediate the effect of residence status on alcohol consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Williams ◽  
Nathaniel Thomas ◽  
Amy Adkins ◽  
Danielle Dick
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public University ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Lower Alcohol ◽  
Peer Drinking

Alcohol consumption is common in college attending populations and can have a negative impact on an individual's academic, physical, and mental health. Previous research suggests that living at home could act as a protective measure. The current research looks at potential mediators of the association between living with parents while attending college and amount of alcohol consumed. In particular, this study examined access to alcohol, parental involvement, and perception of peer drinking as mediators of the association. This study examined freshman data collected from a survey conducted at a large public university in the mid-Atlantic United States. A pathway model was fit to test the relationships between residence status, access to alcohol, parental involvement, and perception of peer drinking on alcohol consumption. We observed statistically significant indirect effects of residence status on alcohol consumption through the perception of peer drinking and access to alcohol. Parental involvement was significantly related to lower alcohol consumption and there was a direct effect of residence status on alcohol consumption. There were significant indirect effects of residence status on alcohol consumption through both peer drinking and access to alcohol. Parental involvement was associated with decreased alcohol consumption, with no indirect effect in association with residence status. These effects were persistent in the presence of a range of covariates, including age, gender, ethnicity, and parental education. KEYWORDS: Emerging Adult; Alcohol; Residence Status; Peer Drinking; Access to Alcohol; Parental involvement; Path Analysis

Cheers together, but not alone: Peer drinking moderates alcohol consumption following interpersonal stress

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752199604
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Hamilton ◽  
Stephen Armeli ◽  
Howard Tennen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Interpersonal Stressors ◽  
Peer Drinking

In view of the importance of the need to belong in motivating behavior, we examined whether interpersonal and academic stress differentially influence social and solitary alcohol consumption and whether social and solitary alcohol consumption differentially predict next-day interpersonal and academic stress. Based on research suggesting that drinking with friends is related to increased alcohol consumption following belongingness threat, we also examined whether peer consumption moderates associations between daily interpersonal stress and social drinking. Each day for 30 days, 1641 undergraduates reported stress, alcohol consumption, and peer consumption. Academic stress was related to lower levels of social and solitary alcohol consumption. Interpersonal stress was associated with greater social alcohol consumption, but only when students reported being around others who were drinking greater than average peer quantities. However, although social drinking was related to lower next-day academic stress, it was unrelated to next-day interpersonal stress. Findings are consistent with the notion that individuals’ perceptions of peers’ alcohol use might serve as a signal to join in this behavior to reduce belongingness threats associated with interpersonal stressors, although this may not be an effective strategy.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Sandra Giménez ◽  
Miren Altuna ◽  
Esther Blessing ◽  
Ricardo M. Osorio ◽  
Juan Fortea
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Directions

Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and in doing so, improve cognition and quality of life, and prevent related comorbidities. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the main sleep disorders in adults with DS, including evaluation and management. It highlights the existing gaps in knowledge and discusses future directions to achieve earlier diagnosis and better treatment of sleep disorders most frequently found in this population.

scholarly journals Future of Insecticide Seed Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8792
Author(s):  
Milorad Vojvodić ◽  
Renata Bažok
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Good Efficacy ◽  
Active Substances

Seed treatment as a method of local application of pesticides in precise agriculture reduces the amount of pesticides used per unit area and is considered to be the safest, cheapest and most ecologically acceptable method of protecting seeds and young plants from pests in the early stages of their development. With the introduction of insecticides from the neonicotinoid group in the mid-1990s, the frequency of seed treatment increased. Due to suspected negative effects on pollinators, most of these insecticides are banned in the European Union. The ban has therefore led to a reduction in the number of active substances approved for seed treatment and to an increased re-use of active substances from the group of pyrethroids as well as other organophosphorus insecticides, which pose potentially very serious risks, perhaps even greater than those of the banned neonicotinoids. The objective of this review is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of seed treatment and the potential role of insecticide seed treatment in reducing the negative impact of pesticides on the environment. The main disadvantage of this method is that it has been widely accepted and has become a prophylactic protective measure applied to almost all fields. This is contrary to the principles of integrated pest management and leads to an increased input of insecticides into the environment, by treating a larger number of hectares with a lower amount of active ingredient, and a negative impact on beneficial entomofauna. In addition, studies show that due to the prophylactic approach, the economic and technical justification of this method is often questionable. Extremely important for a quality implementation are the correct processing and implementation of the treatment procedure as well as the selection of appropriate insecticides, which have proven to be problematic in the case of neonicotinoids. The ban on neonicotinoids and the withdrawal of seed treatments in oilseed rape and sugar beet has led to increased problems with a range of pests affecting these crops at an early stage of growth. The results of the present studies indicate good efficacy of active ingredients belonging to the group of anthranilic diamides, cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole in the treatment of maize, soybean, sugar beet and rice seeds on pests of the above-ground part of the plant, but not on wireworms. Good efficacy in controlling wireworms in maize is shown by an insecticide in the naturalites group, spinosad, but it is currently used to treat seeds of vegetable crops, mainly onions, to control onion flies and flies on other vegetable crops. Seed treatment as a method only fits in with the principles of integrated pest management when treated seeds are sown on land where there is a positive prognosis for pest infestation.

scholarly journals The status of integrated care on the chronic abuse of alcohol response - A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Moreira de Sousa ◽  
L Lopes ◽  
P Costa ◽  
G Martins-Coelho ◽  
R Capucho
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Index Value

Abstract Background In 2017, the risk-weighted prevalence of alcohol consumption was the health indicator with a more negative impact on the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Sustainable Development Goals Health Index Value in Portugal. According to data from 2012-14, the Alto Tâmega and Barroso (ATB) had the highest value of Years of potential life lost (YPLL) in North Portugal - 4570,1/10.000 people. Liver chronic disease was the specific cause of death that contributed to the value of YPLL - 465,4/10.000 people. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the Northern Health Administration and the General Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies. We compared the number of patients with chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) in 2018, the leading causes of death between 2012-14, the main morbidity causes according to data from primary healthcare (PHC) physicians in 2018 and the number of patients in specialized treatment team (STT) for alcohol abuse treatment in 2018 in ATB. Results In 2018, 2643 patients of ATB had a diagnosis of CAC; only 178 were followed by an STT. Although CAC had a massive influence on YPLL, this was only the 11º cause of morbidity in ATB according to the data from PHC. The number of women with CAC was stable between 2012 (n = 284) and 2018 (n = 291). In the same period, there was an increase of 52,86% of CAC on men (n = 1523 to n = 2348). Even though 18,4% of YPLL due to chronic liver disease happen in women, only 11,2%of the patients with CAC in the PHC are women. Conclusions There is a need for the improvement of CAC diagnosis in PHC, and the improvement of referral of patients to STT and hospital care. Besides, to reach the SDG3, there is the need to work intensely on SDG 17 (partnership for the goals). The Public Health Unit of ATB is organizing Operation PROMETEU to improve communication, institutional collaboration, and monitoring of the existing health activities that are tackling CAC. Key messages The need to integrate data from different healthcare sources for a better analysis on health problems. The urgent need to tackle the alcohol abuse problem in ATB.

Socio-Economic Family Background and Adult Children’s Health in Germany: The Role of Intergenerational Transmission of Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Arránz Becker ◽  
Katharina Loter
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission Of Education

Abstract This study examines consequences of parental education for adult children’s physical and mental health using panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study. Based on random-effects growth curve models (N = 15,144 West German respondents born between 1925 and 1998 aged 18–80), we estimate gender-, age-, and cohort-specific trajectories of physical and mental health components of the SF-12 questionnaire for low and high parental education measured biennially from 2002 to 2018. Findings suggest more persistent effects of parental education on physical than mental health. In particular, both daughters and sons of the lower educated group of parents (with neither parent qualified for university) exhibit markedly poorer physical health over the whole life course and worse mental health in mid-life and later life than those of higher educated parents. Thus, children’s health gradients conditional on parental education tend to widen with increasing age. Once children’s educational attainment is held constant, effects of parental education on children’s health mostly vanish. This suggests that in the strongly stratified West German context with its rather low social mobility, intergenerational transmission of education, which, according to our analyses, has been declining among younger cohorts, contributes to cementing long-term health inequalities across the life course.

scholarly journals Early Parental Support as Predictor of Early Literacy Skills: A Study from Four Administrative Districts in Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Stephen Kwabena Ntim
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Early Literacy ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Early Academic Achievement

<p>This study from four administrative districts in Ghana suggest that early parental involvement<br />in their children’s literacy practices is likely to predict better effects on these children in basic<br />reading skills. The benefits of parental involvement and support as predictor of literacy and<br />educational achievement are enormous. They go beyond early academic achievement in<br />pre-school. Early exposure to reading with parents from the homes predisposes children for<br />formal basic literacy instruction. Indeed, early involvement of parents in their child’s reading is<br />found to be the number one critical factor contributing positively to language and emergent<br />literacy. Home reading activities in which parents are involved significantly influence<br />achievements in reading as well as in language comprehension and expressive language skills.<br />This report also points to possible link between educational background of parents and<br />children’s reading achievement at the pre-school: the higher the parental education background,<br />the higher the level of home involvement predicting children’s early achievement in literacy<br />skills.</p>

scholarly journals Residential Mobility and Changes in Deprivation Levels For 0 – 4 Year Olds in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Robertson ◽  
Kim Nathan ◽  
Philippa Howden-Chapman ◽  
Michael Baker ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Deprived Areas

IntroductionHigh residential mobility has been shown to have a negative impact on young children, with long-term consequences for their physical and mental health, and social outcomes. Understanding the broad trends in moves and differentiating between moves to neighbourhoods which are likely to have ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ consequences is an important question in the residential mobility literature, with important implications for public policy and children’s health. Objectives and ApproachThe aims of this study are to describe the level and changes in neighbourhood deprivation that occur during residential moves involving children aged 0–4 years of age in New Zealand, and to assess whether these changes differ for children of different ethnicities. Our cohort is 565,689 children born in New Zealand from 2004 to 2018. The dataset of residential moves is created using the full address notification table from the Integrated Data Infrastructure, a set of government data tables that have been linked and anonymised by Statistics New Zealand. ResultsWhile there is a reasonable amount of mobility in terms of the deprivation of the area in which a child lives, the most likely outcome of a move is that it will be to an area with the same level of deprivation. This is especially true for the most and least deprived areas. Areas of high deprivation have the highest levels of churn and residential mobility. Māori and Pasifika children have lower levels of socioeconomic mobility and are more likely to move into and to stay in, areas of high deprivation. Conclusion / ImplicationsChildren living in highly deprived areas are likely to stay in high deprivation areas. Children living in these areas also move more frequently than the general population. Māori and Pasifika children are overrepresented in high deprivation areas, and on average they move more frequently than the group of all children aged 0 – 4.

scholarly journals Social Media and the Impact on Alcohol Consumption: A Study among Academics from a Public University in a Western Amazon City, Porto Velho, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Rosely Valéria Rodrigues ◽  
Marina Gomes Martellet ◽  
Giovanna Lorena Nery Tavernard ◽  
Sérgio Valério Escobar Filho
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Public University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Porto Velho

scholarly journals Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Konsumsi Alkohol Anak Jalanan di Kota Kediri

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Esta Ruri Solecha ◽  
Diah Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Approach Method

The behavior of alcohol consumption among street children is a serious health problem, because the behavior can have a negative impact. This behavior occurs due to imperfect social interaction in the community and life within the family of street children. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the behavior of alcohol consumption in street children in Kediri. This research method using quantitative approach method. The population in this study is all street children in Kediri with the criteria of adolescents ie age 10-19 years. The sample used in this study were 30 respondents, using accidental sampling method. The variables used are alcohol consumption behavior, attitude, knowledge, affordability, and peers. Data were collected using questionnaire and data analysis using Chi-square test. The results showed that of 30 street children respondents 76.7% consumed alcohol. The result of Chi-square test shows that the level factor of knowledge, attitude, affordability and environment of peers who have many opportunities to perform alcohol consumption behavior is the affordability factor with OR = 15.8. This means that the easier a person to get an alcoholic drink the greater the chance to behave alcohol consumption.

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