scholarly journals Brazil´s nuclear policy and its rise on international stag

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Šubrtová ◽  
Peter Terem
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
South American ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Central European ◽  
Nuclear Policy ◽  
American Leader

From global point of view, there is certainly no shortage of academic contributions, professional scientific analyses or journalistic articles focused on Brazil and its nuclear program. However, such an assertion cannot be used when discussing Central European knowledge of Brazil’s nuclear program and security ambitions. Considered all above, this article aims to bring closer the current South-American leader to readers in our region and briefly introduce them to its nuclear program, influence it has on forming Brazil’s foreign security policy and projection of the country internationally.

Austrian Veto against European Union Membership Negotiations with Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Ewa Kaczan-Winiarska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Eu

The Austrian government is extremely sceptical about the accession negotiations which are conducted by the European Commission on behalf of the European Union with Turkey and calls for the negotiation process to end. Serious reservations of Vienna have been raised by the current political situation in Turkey under the rule of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, as well as by the standards of democracy in Turkey, which differ greatly from European standards. Serious deficiencies in rule of law, freedom of speech and independence of the judiciary, confirmed in the latest European Commission report on Turkey, do not justify, from Vienna’s point of view, the continuation of talks with Ankara on EU membership. In fact, Austria’s scepticism about the European perspective for Turkey has a longer tradition. This was marked previously in 2005 when the accession negotiations began. Until now, Austria’s position has not had enough clout within the European arena. Pragmatic cooperation with Turkey as a strategic partner of the EU, both in the context of the migration crisis and security policy, proved to be a key factor. The question is whether Austria, which took over the EU presidency from 1.7.2018, will be able to more strongly accentuate its reservations about Turkey and even build an alliance of Member States strong enough to block Turkey’s accession process.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF FORMING THE DISCOURSE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
S. Kononov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of a social security modern discourse formation in the framework of a philosophical discussion of the transformation processes of the formation vector of the state security policy. The task of the article, according to the author, is to present the problem of security in conditions when it ceases to be understood, as a concept associated with the idea of preserving the integrity of a state or nation, and functions as a phenomenon with the broadest possible social parameters. Using the methodology of phenomenological, hermeneutic and comparative analysis, the new areas of security research, common difference of which is social and personal orientation are analyzed. The author pays attention to the features of the methodology of works reflecting the point of view of the modern state, works related to the development of a systematic approach to security, works based on an axiological approach and concludes that, despite the expansion of security interpretations, all these approaches retain a common ideological foundation. presupposing the need to preserve the leading role of the state in the field of social security, including the security of the individual and society and the state. All these approaches are based on the policy of responding to emerging threats to the Russian state and do not reflect the needs of a comprehensive strategic goal-setting covering the sphere of socio-economic development of the social system. This circumstance, according to the author, leads to the formation of a security strategy that exists only in the name of protecting the state and does not imply feedback between the state and the social institutions that the state is going to protect, which leads to the ineffectiveness of modern protection measures and the need to find new ways to justify the need for this protection, a new definition of its content and essence

scholarly journals From representation to enactment: temporal perspectives on literary objects in East and Central European structuralism and Ingarden’s phenomenology

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. s146-s171
Author(s):  
Michał Mrugalski
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
General Context ◽  
Direct Realism ◽  
First Person ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Central European ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Person Perspective

AbstractConsidering that enacitivsm emerged in rebellion against the representativism of first-generation cognitive science, an enactivist approach to narrative, which after all does relate events, situations, people, necessitates a directly realistic (i. e. anti-representationalist) concept of perspective on literary objects. Ingarden’s description of the spatio-temporal properties of the cognizing of the literary work, in the process of which the reader transgresses the realm of signs (representation) toward embodied and culturally embedded cognition of objects and events in a presented world, may serve as a prototype for an enactive approach narrative, provided the theory in question is situated in its original context, for example that of Ingarden’s ongoing discussion with structuralism regarded at this juncture as a representationist stance. In the first step, I am referring to the philosophical tradition of direct realism, which was apparently invigorated by the theories of embodied and enactive cognition, to propose a way of conceiving first-person perspective on literary objects and events, first-person and temporal perspective on objects being the royal road to all sorts of enaction. In the second step, I am tackling the issue of point of view in East and Central European structuralism by recalling its most general context of the dialectical relationship between synchrony and diachrony. The interpretation of linguistic signs by the receiver is a space in which structuralism and Ingarden’s phenomenology concur as they share a similar model of receptive temporality, rooted in Husserl’s description of the inner consciousness of time and aiming to reduce the ambiguity of linguistic units and increase the predictability of meaning. In Ingarden, however, there is a threshold between the linguistic and the extralinguistic elements of the literary work, which are conceived in a directly realistic manner. I specifically recall the notion of “objectification,” which was suppressed by that of “concretization,” as a borderland between indirect (semiotic) and indirect (objectual and enactive) representation. In the conclusion, I point to the major differences between present-day cognitivist aesthetics and Ingarden’s approach, which was immersed in the culture of his time, and ask whether these differences impede us to achieve as interesting results as Ingarden’s.

scholarly journals Agricultural family schools in the «Pampa Gringa», historical traces between the particular and the universal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Myriam Southwell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Conceptual Debate ◽  
Alternative Modality ◽  
The Way

Agricultural Family Schools have been the way to concretize a model of pedagogy of alternation, an education modality that has been little investigated from a historical point of view. This article aims to present the emergence of alternating pedagogy in Europe, its influence in the South American territory, and to analyse in more detail its expansion in Argentina from the late 1960s. We are interested in dwelling on these alternative modes of conceiving and building schools not only because of their value as a contribution to agricultural education at the secondary level, but also as a contribution to research on specific historical experiences which constitute areas for inscription of school innovations, pedagogical debates, struggles and resistance (McLeod, 2014). Likewise, we are interested in analysing this alternative modality of schooling from the conceptual debate on the tension between the particular and the universal, which is expressed in this different way of conceiving teaching and learning and analysing the hegemony of the school format (Southwell, 2008). To do this, we carry out a historical analysis of the testimonies that recorded the emergence, debates and expansion of these institutions, as well as the educational concepts that were configured in the historical journey developed until today.

scholarly journals Shared species of the spontaneous flora of a West African (Burkina Faso) and a Central European country (Germany)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
European Country ◽  
West African ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Central European Country ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Central European ◽  
Reed Plants ◽  
Semi Arid

In spite of enormous climatic differences between Burkina Faso and Germany, 20 species belong to the spontaneous flora of both countries, i.e. 1% of the flora of Burkina Faso and 0.15 % of the German flora. All of them are either ruderal and segetal species (16) or water and reed plants (4). All of the 16 ruderals/segetals are therophytes. From a recent point of view, most of the 20 species can be classified as cosmopolitan, because they cover three and more floristic zones, and/or at least three climatic zones, and/or are represented in at least three continents. Although Burkina Faso has a semi-arid climate, none of the species can be called a sclero- or xerophyte. Therefore, in Burkina Faso, all are more or less bound to habitats at least temporarily flooded or to humid soils. In Germany, however, the concerned ruderals, with one exception, are indicators of medium dry or dry habitats.

Hybrid Security Governance in South America: An Empirical Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (04) ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Rafael Duarte Villa ◽  
Fabrício H. Chagas-Bastos ◽  
Camila de Macedo Braga
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
South American ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
Security Community ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy

ABSTRACTContending rationales of peace and conflict coexist between countries and within regional spaces as conditions that motivate or constrain militarized behaviors. While the idea of balancing is still a relevant concept to understand contemporary security in South America, the region produces patterns of a nascent security community. This article argues that the regional repertoire of foreign and security policy practices draws on a hybrid security governance mechanism. The novelty brought by the cumulative interaction among South American countries is that the coexistence turns into a hybrid between both practices and discourses. To explain how hybrid formations are produced, this study analyzes the most empirically intense and academically controversial political and security interactions from interstate relations in the two security complexes in the region, the Southern Cone and the Northern Andes.

scholarly journals Journalistic Stance in Newswriting on Iranian Nuclear Issue

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Ghane ◽  
Fatemeh Mahdavirad
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Ideological Bias ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Nuclear Policy ◽  
Nuclear Issue ◽  
To Come

<p>Regarding the role of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in discovering the way ideology is crystalized through the prevalence of various discourses, the present study is an attempt to examine how the journalistic personal and institutional ideologies and political positions are realized through certain textual and intertextual features. Using Perrin’s (2012) progression model, journalistic stancing with regard to the Iranian nuclear issue at three levels of micro, meso, and macro was investigated. The study of claims of unpeacefulness in the Western media texts under investigation reveals a systematic ideological bias towards portraying a negative presentation of Iranian nuclear policy. The Iranian journalists, however, tend to highlight the peaceful nature of the Iranian nuclear program and the West’s double standards as well as Iran’s efforts in order to come to a mutual agreement. Implications of the insights provided by the study for confirming the premises of CDA and applications of the findings for teaching are explained in brief.</p>

scholarly journals Czesław Miłosz’s Migrant Perspective in Rodzinna Europa [Native Realm]

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 342-349
Author(s):  
Ewa Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
William Faulkner ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Central European ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article traces the impact of Czesław Miłosz’s first American stay on his image of Central Europe in Rodzinna Europa [Native Realm]. In the United States, the post-war immigrant from Vilnius learned to perceive, understand and evaluate American culture; he also gained a new perspective on his region of Europe and Slavic immigrants. This experience enabled him to adopt an American point of view in his autobiographical essay. Following William Faulkner, Miłosz carries on an analysis of Eastern and Central Europe’s history and identities. The uses Western historical and sociological glossary to describe processes that formed his “native realm.” Analogically, the poet from pre-war Vilnius reflects on American multi-ethnicity and religious diversity from a Central European perspective. In Rodzinna Europa, Miłosz takes the position of a migrant translator and a two-way mediator between East and West.

The civilianization of armed conflict: trends and implications

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (872) ◽  
pp. 835-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Wenger ◽  
Simon J. A. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
High Technology ◽  
State Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Asymmetric Warfare ◽  
Strategic Context

AbstractCivilians play an increasingly important and complex role in armed conflicts, both as victims and as perpetrators. While this overall trend towards ‘civilianization’ encompasses all types of present-day conflicts, it is twofold: it takes on a very different nature in high-technology warfare than in the context of low-technology combats that are typical of many civil wars. This article explores these two trends, shows how they merge in asymmetric warfare and outlines key implications for international stabilization and state-building efforts. The present-day conflict landscape is presented from a security policy point of view, placing the ongoing debates on the civilian participation in hostilities in a broader strategic context.

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