scholarly journals THE INTERMARIUM PARADOX

2020 ◽  
Vol 2(13)/2019 (2(13)/2019) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Paweł GOTOWIECKI
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

The paper concerns the concept of Intermarium from a historical perspective, seen from the Polish point of view. The author presents the genesis of this concept, its historical premises, unsuccessful attempts to build a collective safety system in Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th century, and finally reflects on the chance of contemporary integration initiatives in the area between the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea. In his speech, the author focuses on the title Intermarium paradox, indicating that in the twentieth century integration attempts had no chance of success, because none of the countries in this part of the continent was a sufficient centre of power - while the unification of Central and Eastern Europe was undertaken by external centres of power, on by the coercion principles.

The selected hydrotechnical conditions of the Dnieper – Bug Channel and the Pripyat River in the development of the International Waterway E40

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Marcin Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Inland Waterway ◽  
The Baltic

International waterway E40 (MDW E40) is included in the network of inland waterways of transnational importance. It is a link between two areas: the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. E40 route runs through three countries: Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. The article presents the results of the study on the analysis of two very important sections of the MDW E40 on the Belarusian section, it is:. the Dnieper – Bug Channel and the Pripy River. Both elements from the point of view of navigability are the most important links throughout the Belarusian section of the waterway. This article will be useful for the development of plans for revitalization of the international waterway E40 not only on the Belarus part, but also in Poland and Ukraine. Due to the accession and signature by Poland of the AGN Convention in January 2017, the article can be a material to supporting state policy in the context of the development of the inland waterway system in Poland and Europe.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of selected freight means in the aspect of EMS sets implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Anna Dzioba ◽  
Łukasz Muślewski ◽  
Jan Gutsche ◽  
Dragutin Lisjak ◽  
Michał Sójka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
The Baltic

The Three Seas Initiative, which gathers 12 European countries located from the Baltic Sea, the Adriatic Sea to the Black Sea, is both an opportunity and a challenge for the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The concept has primarily a regional dimension, while its global impact is appreciated and supported by, among others, Scandinavian countries and the U.S. government. While the potential for economic development within the scope this initiative is high, in order to develop it, there is a need to modernize the transporting, energetic and digital infrastructure necessary for the implementation of logistic processes. It is also necessary to change legal regulations. The article describes the international economic and political initiative gathering selected countries in the Three Seas area and characterizes the purposefulness of the application of European Modular Systems. On the basis of previously selected features influencing the increase of economic efficiency and appropriately selected weights, a comparative analysis of selected cargo means was conducted. The Bellinger’s method was applied in order to conduct the comparative analysis. Based on the analysis of the obtained research results, the benefits of using sets with increased loading capacity on a selected route between the ports of the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea were demonstrated.

Russian A2/AD systems will undermine NATO credibility

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Baltic

Significance The emergence of Russian A2/AD zones in the High North, the Baltic Sea, the eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea impacts NATO's ability to operate in key regions of interest to the alliance, and could threaten NATO's ability to reinforce its allies in a crisis or during wartime. Impacts Russian A2/AD will drive NATO requirements for specific capabilities, including electronic warfare and stealthier systems. Georgia and Moldova will watch NATO's engagement with its eastern members closely for strong commitments. Covert Russian operations in the Baltic states form a more realistic scenario than overt military intervention.

Who Is a Pole and Where Is Poland? Territory and Nation in the Rhetoric of Polish National Democracy before 1905

Slavic Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Baltic

At the turn of the twentieth century most Polish political activists dreamed of recreating the Polish state, although they disagreed about where the new Poland should be located and whom it should include. In the years before 1905 the National Democratic movement—the “Endecja,” as it was commonly called—envisioned an expansive Poland stretching from the Baltic to the Black Sea, and from the Dnieper to the Oder. How could a movement which came to be known for its pragmatism and tactical flexibility espouse such an unrealistic, if not absurd, ambition? How could nationalists who insisted upon cultural unity desire a nation which would include millions who neither spoke the Polish language nor considered themselves to be Poles? This article will argue that these questions can be illuminated by examining the Endecja's definition of that enigmatic Polish term, naród (nation).

scholarly journals Chara baltica (Charophyceae, Charales) from the Black Sea Region and Taxonomic Implications of Extrastipulodes

Botanica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Roman Romanov ◽  
Daria Korolesova ◽  
Dmitry Afanasyev ◽  
Liubov Zhakova
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractChara baltica (Hartm.) Bruz. was found in the bays of the northern part of the Black Sea as a result of our joint efforts for clarification of some charophyte species from the region. The species was reported new to Ukraine. This is the first reliable record of this species in the Black Sea Region and Russia. In the studied populations, C. baltica had a variable arrangement of stipulodes because of the presence of extrastipulodes as a common trait. The morphology of the specimens studied may suggest a possible explanation of old uncheckable regional records of C. horrida Wahlst., species known from the Baltic Sea only. The worldwide range of C. baltica was summarised with a map according to the published records, GBIF data and some checked specimens. It highlighted the records, which need to be confirmed. The presence of extrastipulodes in the specimen studied, as well as the indication and illustration of some species of charophytes, allowed to suggest several additions to the terminology of charophyte morphology useful for further studies. Their application was demonstrated with the specimens studied and the illustrations published elsewhere.

scholarly journals Cultural cooperation between nations as an important factor of sustainable social development of the region of Central and Eastern Europe in the European Union (for instance Poland and Lithuania)

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-267
Author(s):  
Beata Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
The Baltic

Cultural and social cooperation among nations lived in East and Central Europe has been sprung up over many centuries. In the 20th century, the nations of the part of Europe were subjected to an attempt to standardize their national cultures by means of introducing the socialist realistic culture. At present the message of cultural cooperation is social and cultural integration. Relations between Poland and Lithuania can be an example for development of cooperation among the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe on the state and regional levels, as well as example for educational institutions and economic associations, the connected relations may become germs of cooperation and good-neighbourly relationship as well as in the perspective of social development of the region among the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

scholarly journals Black Sea Baric Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Ion Isaia
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
East Side ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract This work is meant to demonstrate that, in the special synoptic conditions, on the surface of the Black Sea, a baric depression is being formed. This depression is formed when the Black Sea's water temperature is higher than the surrounding continental ground's temperature. There are situations when the baric depression of the Black Sea occurs because of the consequences of the movement of another baric depression from the east of the Mediterranean Sea to its north-east side. Due to the high atmospheric pressure of the continental zone that's surrounding the Black Sea, the baric depression will get a retrograde movement, towards the north or northwest. Eventually, this depression occludes in the eastern continental zone of Europe or even near the Baltic Sea. During a retrograde movement of a baric depression, the atmospheric precipitations will fall in big quantities, in many situations, causing floods.

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