Towards a morphosyntactic analysis of -ish

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Oltra-Massuet
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Morphosyntactic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Degree Variable ◽  
Late Insertion

This article deals with the morphosyntactic and semantic properties of the adjectives derived with the English morpheme -ish. The main goal of the paper is to outline a morphosyntactic analysis of -ish that: (i) accounts for its cross-categorial nature, (ii) derives its surface polysemy, and (iii) is compatible with Bochnak & Csipak's (2014) recent semantic analysis of deadjectival -ish (for example, reddish) and free-standing propositional -ish (for example, I liked the movie …ish) as a metalinguistic degree operator. Focusing on the analysis of the various subtypes of bounded -ish forms, this paper develops a unified morphosyntactic approach to -ish with a single shared semantics, and suggests that the cross-categorial and polysemous nature of -ish derives from three main closely interrelated factors: (i) the source of the degree variable that -ish targets, whether syntactic, lexical, or metalinguistic; (ii) the syntactic realization site of -ish; and (iii) the late insertion of the underspecified morpheme -ish.

scholarly journals Disambiguierung deutschsprachiger Diskursmarker: Eine Pilot-Studie

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne H. Baider ◽  
Henriette Gezundhajt
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Typical Property ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
The People ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Semantic Properties

Framed within Antoine Culioli's Enunciative Model of language, this article suggests a new analysis regarding the semantic properties of the suffix -esque and argues that this suffix refers to an alterity expressed within a typical property. Moreover this article reassesses earlier findings made about the suffix -esque, namely its low productivity in creation of neologisms and its apparent usage limited to literary and journalistic styles. The alleged constraint for all its bases to be referring to a human being is also reconsidered and our semantic analysis questions the value of "extreme" supposedly added by -esque to the nominal basis. Indeed, its usage in French shows that if this suffix is no longer typically associated to a nominal basis referring to the people of a country (see mauresque or arabesque), the human dimension associated to the nominal basis such as in la soldatesque, is not always found either (see TV-esque). Rather, this suffix seems to have lost its role as a simple identifier towards a referential domain as found in expressions such as une oeuvre molièresque which could be glossed over as "une oeuvre typique de Molière". This identification is most of the time linked to a laudatory or negative appreciation on the part of the enunciator, as found in examples such as gargantuesque. Besides, the contemporary dynamism of the -esque flexion enables the creation of neologisms. These neologisms are derived from proper nouns (mitterrandesque) or from acronyms (rmiesque) that do not exhibit standard properties. This begs the question of whether the value which seemed to be added to the composite [noun + esque] is determined by the suffix itself or whether it is partially connected to the atypical notional value of the root's semantic value.

scholarly journals Applying Constraint Logic Programming to SQL Semantic Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 808-825
Author(s):  
FERNANDO SÁENZ-PÉREZ
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Deductive System ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
Semantic Properties

AbstractThis paper proposes the use of Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) to model SQL queries in a data-independent abstract layer by focusing on some semantic properties for signalling possible errors in such queries. First, we define a translation from SQL to Datalog, and from Datalog to CLP, so that solving this CLP program will give information about inconsistency, tautology, and possible simplifications. We use different constraint domains which are mapped to SQL types, and propose them to cooperate for improving accuracy. Our approach leverages a deductive system that includes SQL and Datalog, and we present an implementation in this system which is currently being tested in classroom, showing its advantages and differences with respect to other approaches, as well as some performance data.

From Phrase to Clause: The Active Participle in Ugaritic

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-581
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Semantic Properties

This paper suggests a morphological, syntactic, and semantic analysis of the active participle in Ugaritic. The formally ambiguous cases are interpreted by taking into account the syntactic and semantic properties of explicit cases. The syntactic usages of the participle are the attributive phrase, the substantivized attributive phrase, the agent-noun, and the circumstantial participial phrase. The semantic analysis points at explicit verbal properties of some participial phrases in Ugaritic: they can denote a stage-level predicative core acquiring episodic interpretations and attaching temporal arguments. I hypothesize that the prototypical context for the development of the predicative participle (sporadically attested in the language of Ugaritic prose and consistently in later Northwest Semitic languages) is a participial phrase that suggests stage-level episodic interpretation and assigns subject that is co-referential with the main-clause subject.

Aspectual cognate objects in Hungarian

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imola-Ágnes Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Properties

Abstract This paper examines aspectual cognate objects in Hungarian. Its main contribution lies in the syntactic and semantic analysis of three classes of accusative pseudo-objects, which are literally not cognate with the prototypical unergative verb they accompany but are demonstrated to be non-subcategorized and non-thematic elements that have the same role and the same syntactic and semantic properties as aspectual cognate objects in languages where these nominals are both semantically and morphologically related to the verb. In addition, the paper fills a typologically unexpected gap, considering that Hungarian, as a strong satellite-framed language, is predicted to have aspectual cognate object constructions.

scholarly journals Pengaplikasian Kerangka Semantik Inkuisitif Melalui Slanga

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaid Daud
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Cross Reference

Abstrak. Slanga merupakan bahasa tidak formal yang telah digunakan dalam sesuatu kelompok komunitinya tersendiri malahan dapat menonjolkan identiti sesuatu kelompok masyarakat yang membawanya sebagai contohnya dalam kalangan remaja. Melalui ujaran slanga ini terdapatnya keimplisitan ujaran yang telah dikesan oleh pengkaji yang mampu dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Semantik Inkuisitif (SI) oleh Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). Hal ini demikian kerana penganalisisan semantik inkuisitif sebelum ini hanyalah melibatkan data-data peribahasa - lihat kajian [6-9], [18-20], [23-24], [26] dan [30]. Oleh itu, kajian ini cuba membuktikan bahawa dengan menggunakan slanga juga mampu dicungkil maknanya dengan menggabungkan data, teori, kognitif dan akal budi atau intelektual Melayu seperti mana kajian-kajian SI telah dijalankan sebelum ini. Sejumlah tiga data telah diperoleh daripada perbualan tidak formal masyarakat Melayu di sekitar Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia dan Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia yang mengandungi slanga berimplisit yang akan dianalisis oleh pengkaji melalui pendekatan SI. Seterusnya, Rangka Rujuk Silang (RRS) juga diaplikasikan bagi membantu pengkaji mendapatkan anteseden tambahan kepada pengkaji dalam memahami konteks sebenar ujaran tersebut sehingga ke akal budi penuturnya.Kata kunci— slanga; ujaran tidak formal; masyarakat Melayu; semantik inkuisitif (SI); rangka rujuk silang (RRS); akal budi MelayuAbstract. Slang is an informal language that has been used in a distinctive community of groups, but can also identify the identity of a group of people who carry it as an example among adolescents. Through this slang there is an implicit utterance has been detected by researchers who can be analyzed using Inquisitive Semantic (IS) approach by Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). This is because the previous inquisitive semantic analysis only involves data of proverbs - see [6-9], [18-20], [23-24], [26] and [30]. Therefore, this study attempts to prove that using the slang can also be interpreted in its meaning by combining data, theory, cognitive and intellectual or Malay intellectuals as IS studies have been conducted before. A total of three data was obtained from the informal conversations of the Malay community around Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia which contained the immature slang that would be analyzed by researchers through the IS approach. Furthermore, the Cross-Reference Framework (CRF) is also applied to help researchers gain additional antecedents to researchers in understanding the true context of the utterance to the mind of the speaker.Keywords— slang; the informal utterance; Malay community; inquisitive semantic (IS); Cross Reference Framework (CRF); Malay mind

scholarly journals Lexical typological approach to prefix derivatives: verbs of falling with the prefixes *o-/obin Russian, Serbian and Slovenian

2020 ◽  
Vol XVI (1) ◽  
pp. 299-343
Author(s):  
D. Ryzhova ◽  
◽  
M. Kuleshova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Semantic Map ◽  
Semantic Domain ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Semantic Properties

The paper presents a novel approach to a typologically oriented semantic analysis of Slavic prefixes exemplified with the data of Russian, Serbian and Slovenian verbs of falling with the prefixes *o-/ob-. Based on dictionary and corpus data supplemented by native speakers surveys we scrutinize distributional properties of the verbs of falling with the prefixes *o-/ob- and form a list of their meanings expressed in different contexts. We show that Russian and Serbian cognates cover one and the same conceptual space, but the verbs partition it in different ways, i.e. the differences between Russian and Serbian within this semantic domain are mostly due to semantic properties of the verbal roots, while the prefixes exhibit a similar linguistic behavior. In Serbian, unlike Russian, the root -val- is not used in the domain of falling, and the Serbian root -padcovers almost all the situations, in which -syp- is used in Russian. Thus, cognates are not semantically equivalent to each other, for instance, the Serbian verb osuti se corresponds to Russian verbs obsypat’sya and obrushit’sya rather than to its direct cognate osypat’sya. In Slovenian, the system of the verbal roots with the meaning of falling is very close to the Serbian one (the root -val- is not present, -pad- is used broader), while the semantics of the prefixes changes: the prefixes od-, z- and u- drive out o-/ob- in different subzones of the conceptual space. We visualize these tendencies with a semantic map, which allows to map both roots and prefixes without any violation of the Semantic Map Connectivity Hypothesis (every linguistic means covers a connected region on a map). We also demonstrate that the verbs covering the same points on the map, and not the cognates as one could expect, develop the same metaphoric extensions. For example, the metaphor of the decrease («Less is Down») is conveyed by the Serbian verb opasti and the Slovenian verb upasti, which both denote literal level recession

scholarly journals Towards classification of stative verbs in view of corpus data

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Svetlozara Leseva ◽  
Ivelina Stoyanova ◽  
Hristina Kukova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Automatic Annotation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Manual Inspection ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Semantic Properties

Abstract The paper presents work in progress on the compilation and automatic annotation of a dataset comprising examples of stative verbs in parallel Bulgarian-Russian corpora with the goal of facilitating the elaboration of a classification of stative verbs in the two languages based on their lexical and semantic properties. We extract stative verbs from the Bulgarian and the Russian WordNets with their assigned conceptual information (frames) from FrameNet. We then assign the set of probable Bulgarian and Russian stative verbs to the verb instances in a parallel Bulgarian-Russian corpus using WordNet correspondences to filter out unlikely stative candidates. Further, manual inspection will ensure high quality of the resource and its application for the purposes of semantic analysis.

Eastern Influence on Carvings at St. Andrews and Nigg, Scotland

Antiquity ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 428-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecil Mowbray
Keyword(s):  
British Isles ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Different Sources

Amongst the early Christian monuments of the British Isles the Scottish cross-slabs form a well defined group. They are related to the Irish and Manx crosses of the 7th and 8th centuries and show occasionally some connexion with Northumbrian art. But, out of motives borrowed from these different sources, there was evolved in Scotland a type of monument peculiar to that country. The erect slab was constantly preferred to the free-standing cross, and, although a flat style of carving, similar to the Irish style, was used, and many of the Irish motives—spirals, interlacing and occasionally animal-interlacing—were adopted, the spirited rendering of hunting scenes and fantastic animals, and the use of the cross, framed in the slab as in a page of manuscript, gave to these monuments a definite originality.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of complex sentences with object clauses in the texts of mathematical works in the english and french languages

2021 ◽  
pp. e021021
Author(s):  
Elena Borisovna Volkova ◽  
Irina Alexandrovna Remennikova ◽  
Elena Alexeevna Vecherinina
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Topology ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Mathematical Text ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Semantic Properties

The aim of the article is to study the basic structural and semantic qualities of two-component complex sentences with object clauses functioning in mathematical works in English and French. The works of outstanding modern mathematicians in the field of differential geometry and algebraic topology served as a material for the research. Using the technique of continuous sampling the authors extracted the sentences to be studied. The basic principles of communicative grammar, structural and semantic analysis, as well as statistical methods to process the extracted material, were applied. For the difficult material to be apprehended properly the language of mathematical works must obey some definite syntactical laws. Complex sentences with clear subordination of clauses favor to a great extent the logical consecutive statement of the mathematical text. Having a more complicated structure than simple sentences they are more evident in semantic facilitating apprehension of the information being conveyed. Constructions with object clauses are highly productive among the complex sentences of the inseparable type. As a rule, it is the subordinate clause that contains somewhat new that promotes the advancement of the course of reasoning whereas the main clause is assigned only an auxiliary part. The article covers such important features of the studied sentences as the position and construction of the main and subordinate clauses, their means of connection, morphological and semantic properties of the subordinating word, etc. In the course of analysis of these structures in the two languages, some common features (for example, the absolute predominance of the preposition of the main clause), as well as considerable differences (for example, the absence of a conjunction in English) are revealed, which should be taken into account at working with the texts of mathematical works in these languages.

scholarly journals A Semantic Analysis of the Political Slogans of Pakistan Tehreek-Insaf and Pakistan Muslim League-Noon

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
Aiman Gul Akram ◽  
Liaqat Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
Semantic Properties

The use of language persuasively and diplomatically in the form of catchy and attractive political slogans plays a significant role in the politics of democratic states. This study analyzes the political slogans chanted by Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI) and Pakistan Muslim League-Noon (PML-N) during the 2018 election campaign with the purpose to analyze Pakistan's political slogans from a semantic perspective to highlight the semantic properties and analyze the use of political slogans for presenting positive-self and a negative image of others. Data in the form of slogans were collected by random sampling technique. The data was analyzed semantically by following Leech's (1981) theory of meaning. It was revealed that political slogans are composed persuasively and diplomatically to communicate connotative, reflected, social, affective and collocative meanings. It was also found that Political slogans in Pakistan are chanted for portraying a positive image of themselves and a negative image of others.

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